A Facile Electrochemical Sensor Based on PyTS–CNTs for Simultaneous Determination of Cadmium and Lead Ions

Abstract

A simple and easy method was implemented for the contemporary detection of cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) ions using 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonic acid sodium salt-functionalized carbon nanotubes nanocomposites (PyTS–CNTs). The morphology and composition of the obtained PyTS–CNTs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results confirmed that the fabricated PyTS–CNTs exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity for metal ion-sensing owing to the insertion of sulfonic acid groups. For Cd2+ and Pb2+, some of the electrochemical sensing parameters were evaluated by varying data such as the PyTS–CNT quantity loaded on the pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE), pH of the acetate buffer, deposition time, and deposition potential. These parameters were optimized with differential pulse anodic sweeping voltammetry (DPASV). Under the optimal condition, the stripping peak current of the PyTS–CNTs/Nafion/PGE varies linearly with the heavy metal ion concentration, ranging from 1.0 μg L−1 to 90 μg L−1 for Cd2+ and from 1.0 μg L−1 to 110 μg L−1 for Pb2+. The limits of detection were estimated to be approximately 0.8 μg L−1 for Cd2+ and 0.02 μg L−1 for Pb2+. The proposed PyTS–CNTs/Nafion/PGE can be used as a rapid, simple, and controllable electrochemical sensor for the determination of toxic Cd2+ and Pb2+.

Portable Real-Time Detection of Pb(II) Using a CMOS MEMS-Based Nanomechanical Sensing Array Modified with PEDOT:PSS

“…Moreover, it can be found that only the PEDOT:PSS functionalized microcantilevers had reaction signals with resistance change of −1.347 Ω on average, and the unmodified microcantilever had no reaction to lead ions relative to the deionized water. This response in resistance changes presents the microcantilever bending due to the change of induced surface stress resulting from the PEDOT:PSS oxidized by lead ions [ 31 , 36 ].…”

Determination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions in raw milk, honey and groundnut shell using TSAB/MWCNT

“…15 Therefore, to improve the adsorption behavior, a modified working electrode is employed to increase the conductivity, stability, sensitivity and specific surface area. 16 For decades, mercury electrodes have been widely used as working electrodes in anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) owing to their broad cathodic ranges, but they also form amalgams with some heavy metals. 17 Therefore, recently, various modified electrodes have been used to detect harmful metals such as Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Hg 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cu 2+ present in different sources in the environment by measuring the ASV current based on conductive polymers such as poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 18 BiNP/MWCNT/Nafion/GCE, 19 poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalene)/graphene, 20 graphene/polyaniline/polystyrene, 21 and poly(1,2-diaminoanthraquinone) (PDAAQ).…”

Simultaneous detection of Lead and Cadmium using a composite of Zeolite Imidazole Framework and Reduced Graphene Oxide (ZIF-67/rGO) via electrochemical approach

“…In the recent past, some interesting nanomaterials such as metal oxides, metal nanoparticles [19][20][21], graphene and its derivatives [20,[22][23][24][25], carbon/carbon nanotubes [26][27][28][29] nanocomposites [30] and so on have been explored for the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions. But these materials tend to feature low surface area and hence result in low sensitivity of the sensor.…”