A Facile Chemical-Free Cathode Powder Separation Method for Lithium Ion Battery Resource Recovery

Jafari, Milad; Torabian, Mohammad Mahdi; Bazargan, Alireza

doi:10.1016/j.est.2020.101564

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The physical powder separation method demonstrated by Jafari et al. has the potential to improve the recovery efficiency, especially for the electrode scrap abandoned during slitting ( Jafari et al, 2020 ). However, there is damage to the cathode powder, which needs to be overcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the manufacturing scrap could be integrated by the ''short-loop'' recycling, which recycles the useful materials directly and puts them back to the manufacturing stream. The physical powder separation method demonstrated by Jafari et al has the potential to improve the recovery efficiency, especially for the electrode scrap abandoned during slitting (Jafari et al, 2020). However, there is damage to the cathode powder, which needs to be overcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing

et al. 2021

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Summary Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become one of the main energy storage solutions in modern society. The application fields and market share of LIBs have increased rapidly and continue to show a steady rising trend. The research on LIB materials has scored tremendous achievements. Many innovative materials have been adopted and commercialized by the industry. However, the research on LIB manufacturing falls behind. Many battery researchers may not know exactly how LIBs are being manufactured and how different steps impact the cost, energy consumption, and throughput, which prevents innovations in battery manufacturing. Here in this perspective paper, we introduce state-of-the-art manufacturing technology and analyze the cost, throughput, and energy consumption based on the production processes. We then review the research progress focusing on the high-cost, energy, and time-demand steps of LIB manufacturing. Finally, we share our views of challenges in LIB manufacturing and propose future development directions for manufacturing research in LIBs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, recovery of these critical metals (especially 58% w/w Co in the current sample batch) with low metal loss and high purity product is the main concern in the present work. Recently, several methods for extraction of inherent metals from spent LIBs have been developed [12][13][14][15]. The pregnant leach solution (PLS) generally comprises a large quantity of cobalt, manganese, lithium and nickel and small amounts of copper, aluminium and iron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Extraction for Separation of 99.9% Pure Cobalt and Recovery of Li, Ni, Fe, Cu, Al from Spent LIBs

Meshram

Virolainen

Abhilash

et al. 2022

Metals

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In this work, hydrometallurgical recycling of metals from high-cobalt-content spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from laptops was studied using precipitation and solvent extraction as alternative purification processes. Large amounts of cobalt (58% by weight), along with nickel (6.2%), manganese (3.06%) and lithium (6.09%) are present in LiCoO2 and Li2CoMn3O8 as prominent Co-rich phases of the electrode material. The pregnant leach solution (PLS) that was generated by leaching in the presence of 10% H2O2 using 50 g/L pulp density at 80 °C for 4 h contained 27.4 g/L Co, 3.21 g/L Ni, 1.59 g/L Mn and 3.60 g/L Li. The PLS was subjected to precipitation at various pH using 2 M NaOH but the purification performance was poor. To improve the separation of Mn and other impurities and in order to avoid the loss of cobalt and nickel, separation studies were carried out using a solvent extraction technique using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272). Overall, this study examines the fundamentals of separating and synthesizing 99.9% pure Co sulfate from leach liquor of spent laptop LIBs with remarkably high cobalt content.

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“…This effective configuration was used consistently and satisfactorily in a separate study conducted by our group (Jafari et al, 2020) in which after discharge, the LIBs were thermally and ultrasonically treated to separate and purify the cathodic powder without the need for chemical solvents.…”

Section: Proposed Setup For Discharge By Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge of lithium-ion batteries in salt solutions for safer storage, transport, and resource recovery

2021

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The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has grown in recent years, making them a promising source of secondary raw materials due to their rich composition of valuable materials, such as Cobalt and Nickel. Recycling LIBs can help reduce fossil energy consumption, CO2 emissions, environmental pollution, and consumption of valuable materials with limited supplies. On the other hand, the hazards associated with spent LIBs recycling are mainly due to fires and explosions caused by unwanted short-circuiting. The high voltage and reactive components of end-of-life LIBs pose safety hazards during mechanical processing and crushing stages, as well as during storage and transportation. Electrochemical discharge using salt solutions is a simple, quick, and inexpensive way to eliminate such hazards. In this paper, three different salts (NaCl, Na2S, and MgSO4) from 12% to 20% concentration are investigated as possible candidates. The effectiveness of discharge was shown to be a function of molarity rather than ionic strength of the solution. Experiments also showed that the use of ultrasonic waves can dramatically improve the discharge process and reduce the required time more than 10-fold. This means that the drainage time was reduced from nearly 1 day to under 100 minutes. Finally, a practical setup in which the tips of the batteries are directly immersed inside the salt solution is proposed. This creative configuration can fully discharge the batteries in less than 5 minutes. Due to the fast discharge rates in this configuration, sedimentation and corrosion are also almost entirely avoided.

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A Facile Chemical-Free Cathode Powder Separation Method for Lithium Ion Battery Resource Recovery

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing

Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing

Solvent Extraction for Separation of 99.9% Pure Cobalt and Recovery of Li, Ni, Fe, Cu, Al from Spent LIBs

Discharge of lithium-ion batteries in salt solutions for safer storage, transport, and resource recovery

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