A facile approach to the synthesis of highly electroactive Pt nanoparticles on graphene as an anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells

Zhou, Yi‐Ge; Chen, Jingjing; Wang, Feng‐Bin; Sheng, Zhen-Huan; Xia, Xing‐Hua

doi:10.1039/c0cc00394h

Cited by 296 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In this study, our working electrode was modified with rGO and AuNPs via one single step, which was similar to the reported literatures [34,35]. GO and HAuCl 4 changed to rGO and AuNPs by electrochemical reduction at −1.0 V for 400s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The GCE electrode was immersed in 0.2 M sodium sulfate solution containing 0.5 mg/mL GO and 1.0 mM chlorauric acid to electrochemically electrodeposit rGO and AuNPs with constant potential at −1.0 V for 400 s according to the literatures [34,35,37,38]. The obtained rGO/AuNPs modified electrode was washed carefully with deionized water.…”

Section: Preparation Of the Rgo/aunps Modified Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

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An electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles modified electrode for determination of iron in coastal waters

Zhu

Pan

et al. 2017

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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a b s t r a c tAn electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified electrode was utilized for determination of trace iron in coastal waters with the aid of the iron complexing ligand 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP). 5-Br-PADAP reacted with iron in short chelating reaction time (<3 min). rGO as a support provided large specific surface area for AuNPs, which would facilitate the electrochemical reduction of Fe(III)-5-Br-PADAP. Under the optimized conditions, the response of Fe(III) at this resulting sensor was linear in the range of 30 nM to 3 M with a detection limit of 3.5 nM. This sensor also had excellent reproducibility and repeatability. Additionally, the modified electrode had been successfully applied to the determination of Fe(III) in real coastal waters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Preparation Of the Rgo/aunps Modified Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

An electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles modified electrode for determination of iron in coastal waters

Zhu

Pan

et al. 2017

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…Pt and Pt-based anode electrocatalysts supported on graphene nanosheets (M-G) present higher catalytic activity in half cells for methanol oxidation than 100 nm [166][167][168][169] and carbon nanotubes [170,171]. The improved activity of graphene supported catalysts with respect to carbon black and carbon nanotube supported catalysts was ascribed essentially to the lower metal particle size than that of the catalysts supported on other carbon structures, and to the presence of oxygenated groups on the graphene surface.…”

Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 94%

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

Lavacchi

Vizza

2013

Nanostructure Science and Technology

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In fuel cells both the anode and cathode electrocatalysts are generally composed of nanosized metal particles which are supported on high surface area materials. The electrochemically active surface area (EASA), of catalysts used in low temperature fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC, fed with hydrogen), direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs, alcohols: ethanol, methanol, polyalcohols), and direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFC), has been found to be greatly enhanced when high surface area carbon-based materials are used as the support. As described in detail in Chap. 3, at the anode of a PEMFC dihydrogen is oxidized yielding protons and electrons. The protons pass through the cation exchange membrane toward the cathode where they are used in the reduction of oxygen to water together with the electrons arriving from the anode. The use of an anionexchange polymeric membrane as electrolyte, i.e., a membrane which allows only negative charges to pass, favors the production of negative ions, in this case OH -, in the process of oxygen reduction at the cathode, while the overall electrochemical process is left unvaried, as well as the reversible voltage of the cell. In PEMFCs, the polymeric electrolyte is generally Nafion Ò , a proton-exchange fluorinated membrane, about 50-200 lm thick. This withholds negatively charged ions (usually sulfonate groups -SO 3 -) covalently bonded to the polymeric backbone and therefore allows the passage of protons. Electrons are therefore forced to flow through the outer circuit. Nafion Ò , like other proton-exchange polymeric membranes, is most efficient when it works between 70 and 100°C, thus limiting the functionality of PEMFCs to low temperature operation.In DAFCs at the anode alcohols are oxidized to yield protons, electrons, and CO 2 or carboxylates, depending on the nature of the alcohol used as a fuel, while the cathode process is wholly similar to the one that takes place in PEMFCs.The most important component of a fuel cell is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) that is composed of a catalytic layer where the electrochemical reactions occur, a diffusion layer providing access to the fuel and oxygen to the catalytic layer and a membrane where ions flow from one electrode to the other.

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“…In addition to metal nanoclusters, much work has been done on the synthesis of graphene-supported monometallic (Au [53], Pt [54][55][56][57][58], and Pd [27,59]) or metal alloy (PtPd [33,36,60,61], PtRu [62][63][64], PtAu [12,28,35,65], PdAg [66,67], PtFe [68,69], PtCo [14,70,71], PtNi [72][73][74][75], PtPdAu [76,77]) NPs and their electrocatalytic activities for fuel cells [42]. Among the alloy nanostructures, PtRu NPs have received special attention because of their high catalytic performance as both anodic and cathodic catalysts.…”

Section: Graphene-supported Monometallic and Alloy Metal Nanoparticlementioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Supported Metal Nanostructures with Controllable Size and Shape as Advanced Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells

Liu

Chen

2015

Graphene‐based Energy Devices

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IntroductionBecause of the dramatically increasing energy consumption, fossil fuel depletions, limited supply of these natural resources, and environmental pollution all over the world [1,2], intense efforts are being made by many researchers to find clean, environmentally friendly, renewable, and sustainable energy storage systems, including batteries, diesel/generator units, supercapacitors, and fuel cells, among others [3,4]. Of these energy devices, fuel cells (FCs) are expected to become a potential energy source with the advantages of abundance and nontoxicity of the small organic molecular fuels, high energy density and conversion efficiency, and clean and environmentally friendly products. FCs are a type of electrical energy converting devices that generate electrical energy from chemical energy via the reactions between the oxidation of chemical fuels (hydrogen, methanol, formic acid, or ethanol) at the anode and the reduction of oxygen at the cathode at the interface of the electrocatalyst and electrolyte [5]. Electrocatalysts play crucial roles in determining the performance of a fuel cell. Meanwhile, the performance of an electrocatalyst is strongly dependent on its size, shape, and composition. Therefore, the design and fabrication of electrocatalysts are of top priority among the components in a fuel cell. Structure-controlled synthesis and surface functionalization of inorganic metals or metal oxides are effective routes in improving the stability and performance of electrocatalysts.Graphene is an atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) carbon sheet with a hexagonal-packed lattice structure and has attracted increasing research interests in both scientific studies and technological development since it was discovered by Geim et al. [6] in 2004. In recent years, graphene materials with different forms have been synthesized, such as 2D graphene nanosheets (GNSs), 1D graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), and 0D graphene quantum dots (GQDs) [7]. Graphene possesses the chemical and physical advantages of high surface area (∼2600 m 2 g −1 ), chemical and thermal stability, distinct long-range π conjugation and graphitized basal plane structure, and a broad potential window, as well as excellent electrical conductivity (10 5 -10 6 S m −1 ) and mechanical properties [8][9][10][11]. With these Graphene-based Energy Devices, First Edition. Edited by A. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff.

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A facile approach to the synthesis of highly electroactive Pt nanoparticles on graphene as an anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells

Abstract: A one-step electrochemical approach to the synthesis of highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles on graphene has been proposed. The resultant Pt NPs@G nanocomposite shows higher electrocatalytic activity and long-term stability towards methanol electrooxidation than the Pt NPs@Vulcan.

Cited by 296 publications

References 24 publications

An electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles modified electrode for determination of iron in coastal waters

An electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide/gold nanoparticles modified electrode for determination of iron in coastal waters

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

Graphene‐Supported Metal Nanostructures with Controllable Size and Shape as Advanced Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells

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