A facile approach to synthesize oxygen doped g-C3N4 with enhanced visible light activity under anoxic conditions via oxygen-plasma treatment

Qu, Xiaoyu; Hu, Shaozheng; Bai, Jin; Li, Ping; Lü, Guang; Kang, Xiaoxue

doi:10.1039/c7nj04760f

Cited by 61 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The differences between TCA and TCA 300 °C are negligible and just a slight decrease in the oxygen and hydrogen content can be appreciated due to the release of water and partial degradation of cyanuric acid units. At 400 °C, 14.8 % of oxygen is retained, and the C% rises, indicating the formation of a C‐rich C−N−O material with empirical formula C 3 N 3 O . Further temperature increase to 500 °C leads to a significant drop of oxygen to 5.6 %, confirming the formation of a carbon‐rich carbon nitride‐like material with a low oxygen content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Condensation of Supramolecular Assemblies at Low Temperatures as a Tool for the Preparation of Photoactive C₃N₃O Materials

et al. 2019

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We report the synthesis of new photoactive carbon nitride polymers with high oxygen content (CNO) at low calcination temperatures (300-400°C). To do so, we designed new carbonand oxygen-rich supramolecular assemblies as reactants. The starting monomers' composition allows the formation of photoactive CNO semiconductors with extended absorption and ordered morphologies. Interestingly, at these reaction temper-atures, the chemical structure of the starting monomers is partially retained, opening a path for the transfer of properties from the molecular level to the final CN materials after condensation. The new CNO polymers exhibit good photoactivity for the hydrogen evolution reaction, CO 2 reduction and rhodamine B dye degradation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Condensation of Supramolecular Assemblies at Low Temperatures as a Tool for the Preparation of Photoactive C₃N₃O Materials

et al. 2019

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“…Adsorption with the maximum at 805 cm −1 is an out‐of‐plane ring bending by sextants . Low‐intensity absorption bands located at 1081 and 1205 cm −1 can be associated with C─O bonds in g‐C 3 N 4 structure …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that O content increases with the synthesis temperature, the decrease in N content may also be attributed to O‐doping, since it has been reported to preferentially occur via substitution of N atoms in the lattice of g‐C 3 N 4. Moreover, some of the small peaks at FT‐IR spectra arise as synthesis temperature grows (Figure ) possibly related to C─O bonds . According to Fu et al., O‐doping can occur during the thermal treatment of already formed g‐C 3 N 4 in air, while the highest reported doping level is 10 at% .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A decrease of the PL intensity from g‐C 3 N 4 synthesized at high temperatures (>575 °C) is usually related to the formation of structure defects, which can capture charge carriers and cause the increased non‐radiative recombination rates and shorter lifetime of the carriers . Here, PL quenching presumably caused by in situ O‐doping of g‐C 3 N 4 facilitates charge separation …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery Behavior of the Luminescence Peak from Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Function of the Synthesis Temperature

Чубенко

Denisov

Баглов

et al. 2020

Crystal Research and Technology

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is synthesized by thermal decomposition of thiourea and subsequent in situ polymerization of the products in the oxygen‐containing ambient at 450–625 °C and studied with scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence techniques. The synthesized material contains oxygen at a concentration increasing with the processing temperature from 4.8 to 9.8 at %. The photoluminescence peak is found to be red‐shifted with the temperature increased to 575 °C becoming then blue‐shifted at higher temperatures. The observed red‐shift of the photoluminescence peak is supposed to be caused by band‐gap narrowing in g‐C3N4 doped by oxygen while its recovery behavior is controlled by thermally induced oxygen‐assisted disruption of sp2 bonds in C‐N π‐orbital conjugated system of tri‐s‐triazine units building polymer sheets in g‐C3N4.

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“…Carbon nitride nanosheets are distinguish by stronger photoluminescence, good biocompatibility and are more effective nonmetallic biosensors than bulk g-C 3 N 4 [16,17]. The doping of different non-metal elements (in particular, oxygen) can promote the delocalization of the π-conjugated electrons, which is fundamentally important for improving the conductivity, mobility and separation of photo-generated electrons, thus greatly enhancing the photocatalytic performances of doped g-C 3 N 4 [5,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. It is assumed that the self-modulation of the electronic and band structure arises in the lattice of O-doped carbon nitride [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of multilayer azagraphene and carbon nitride oxide

Bondarenko¹,

Silenko²,

Gubareni³

et al. 2018

Him. Fiz. Tehnol. Poverhni

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As an one of the most promising materials of green energy as a photocatalyst for the production of hydrogen from renewable, natural sources (water, greenhouse gas) and environmental remediation through the degradation of toxic organic pollutants, graphite-like carbon nitride (characterized as a non-toxic and chemically highly resistant material) and its nanostructured and doped (especially by oxygen atoms) derivatives attract special attention. The actual task for expanding the scope of application of g-C 3 N 4 is to improve and optimize its catalytic, electronic and optical properties by increasing both the surface area of graphitic carbon nitride and the number of active centers of the carbon nitride network due to doping of carbon nitride. The use of a mixture of two different precursors ensures the creation of heterojunctions, and as a result, an improvement the photocatalytic characteristics of g-C 3 N 4. The oxygen-doped carbon nitride (O-g-C 3 N 4) and water-soluble carbon nitride oxide (g-C 3 N 4)O was simultaneously synthesized by the gas phase method under special reaction conditions of pyrolysis of cyanuric acid and urea mixture. Reduction by the hydroquinone of carbon nitride oxide (g-C 3 N 4)O yields nanostructured reduced carbon nitride (or reduced multilayer azagraphene). Obtained products were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), chemical and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to the results of XPS and IR spectrometry the chemical bonds between atoms in a heteroatomic plane of reduced carbon nitride (RCN) correspond to the bonds in a synthesized carbon nitride (SCN). However, according to XRD results, reduced carbon nitride (RCN) probably consists of poorly connected heteroatomic azagraphene layers, because it has a significantly larger (on 0.09 nm) interplanar distance between the adjacent nitrogen-carbon layers than interplanar distance between the layers of synthesized carbon nitride (SCN). By SEM characterization it was found that the pyrolysis of a mixture of various precursors (cyanuric acid and urea) yielded a product with smaller crystalline domains (which can improve photocatalytic characteristics) than the pyrolysis of a single precursor (urea only).

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A facile approach to synthesize oxygen doped g-C₃N₄ with enhanced visible light activity under anoxic conditions via oxygen-plasma treatment

Abstract: Photocatalytic oxidation technology for the anoxic removal of organic pollutants that exist under some oxygen-free conditions is attractive but challenging.

Cited by 61 publications

References 51 publications

Condensation of Supramolecular Assemblies at Low Temperatures as a Tool for the Preparation of Photoactive C₃N₃O Materials

Condensation of Supramolecular Assemblies at Low Temperatures as a Tool for the Preparation of Photoactive C₃N₃O Materials

Recovery Behavior of the Luminescence Peak from Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Function of the Synthesis Temperature

Synthesis of multilayer azagraphene and carbon nitride oxide

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A facile approach to synthesize oxygen doped g-C3N4 with enhanced visible light activity under anoxic conditions via oxygen-plasma treatment

Abstract: Photocatalytic oxidation technology for the anoxic removal of organic pollutants that exist under some oxygen-free conditions is attractive but challenging.

Cited by 61 publications

References 51 publications

Condensation of Supramolecular Assemblies at Low Temperatures as a Tool for the Preparation of Photoactive C3N3O Materials

Condensation of Supramolecular Assemblies at Low Temperatures as a Tool for the Preparation of Photoactive C3N3O Materials

Recovery Behavior of the Luminescence Peak from Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Function of the Synthesis Temperature

Synthesis of multilayer azagraphene and carbon nitride oxide

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A facile approach to synthesize oxygen doped g-C₃N₄ with enhanced visible light activity under anoxic conditions via oxygen-plasma treatment

Condensation of Supramolecular Assemblies at Low Temperatures as a Tool for the Preparation of Photoactive C₃N₃O Materials

Condensation of Supramolecular Assemblies at Low Temperatures as a Tool for the Preparation of Photoactive C₃N₃O Materials