A facile approach to selective reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide and its application in fabrication of multifunctional polypropylene nanocomposites

Abstract

Reducing and chemically functional modification of graphene oxide (GO) has attracted much attention in nanomaterial fields due to the outstanding properties of the graphene. In this article, water, a low cost and environmentally friendly reduction agent, to reduce selectively GO to form reduced GO (rGO) was applied, followed by modifying rGO with functional monomer octadecylamine (ODA), and subsequently polypropylene (PP) based nanocomposites containing functional graphene were fabricated via masterbatch-melt blending technique. The effects of reduction and functionalization on the microstructural and chemical-physical properties of GO were investigated comparatively by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The dispersibility of functional graphene before and after reduction was verified by using various agents. The experimental results showed that GO has been reduced selectively by water. Functional monomer ODA has been grated successfully on the surface of rGO and GO. The prepared graphene/PP nanocomposites were characterized by using Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), XRD, scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile, and impact tests. The results showed that the crystallization temperature (T c ) and melting temperature (T m ) of PP in the nanocomposites increased when the functional graphene was incorporated. The functional graphene has been dispersed uniformly in the PP matrix. Tensile tests showed that rG-ODA could improve the tensile strength and elastic modulus of composites more effectively than G-ODA. But G-ODA was more effectively in improving the toughness of PP than rG-

Surface modification of highly hydrophobic polyester fabric coated with octadecylamine-functionalized graphene nanosheets

“…As expected, the GO spectrum shows the specic absorption bands of GO that appear respectively at 3411, 1738, 1629, and 1073 cm À1 , corresponding to the hydroxyl groups, C]O in carboxyl group, C]C in aromatic ring, and C-O-C in epoxide. 46 The existence of these functional groups endows GO with possibilities for functionalization. Aer the chemical reaction with ODA, the successful graing of ODA molecule on GO is clearly observed via the emerging bands at 2917 cm À1 and 2846 cm À1 (-CH 2 stretching in the octadecyl chain).…”

Review of the past and recent developments in functionalization of graphene derivatives for reinforcement of polypropylene nanocomposites

“…However, Bian and coworkers demonstrated opposite way in which the reduction of GO by water was conducted before the functionalization of rGO using octadecylamine (ODA) for the purpose to mix with PP in solution mixing method. [163] A new method combines both reduction and alkylation steps to synthesize alkylated and reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (A-rGONRs), namely Dean-Stark trap method was reported by Song et al [164] This method incorporated four processes into a single step. The four processes were alkylation (octylamine was used), reduction, dispersion of graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) in xylene and the mixing between iPP and A-rGONRs.…”

“…[163] Investigation of composite by XRD is crucial after the fillers were mixed with neat PP in melt condition using a compounder. The XRD analysis able to verify the effect of nanofiller loadings as reported by Bian et al [163] All samples exhibited almost similar characteristic peaks, except for the peak intensity at 2θ = 21 , where the intensity of peak increased with increasing loadings of both G-ODA and rG-ODA which overlapped with the characteristic peak for neat PP (Supplementary Figure 5(C)). [163] 3.6.3 | Thermogravimetric analysis TGA provides detailed measurement of weight changes as a function of temperature or time in a measured environment.…”

“…2 ), [123] octyltriethoxysilane (OTES), [126] Tetra-n-octylammonium bromide (TOAB) and dodecyl iodide, [161] 4,4 0 diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), [81] ethylenediamine, [162] octadecylamine (ODA), [163] octylamine, [164] alkyltrimethoxysilane, [59] hexylamine [166] Methods Various inorganic and organic reducing agents have been used to reduce GO to RGO by refluxing the mixture for few hours in silicone oil bath. The longer reaction time, the higher amount of RGO can be obtained but the synthesis cost is increased.…”

Mechanical properties and morphologies of polypropylene composites synergistically reinforced-toughened by styrene–butadiene rubber and graphene oxide nanosheets

“…The improvement on the thermal stability is greater than that of our previous works. 22,41 (Figure 8(a)), loss modulus (Figure 8 (b)), and tan d (Figure 8(c)) of PP, PP/SBR, and PP/SBR/C-rGO composites. It can be seen that compared with pure PP, the storage modulus of PP/SBR and PP/SBR/C-rGO composites increased, especially for PP/SBR/C-rGO composites containing 0.5 wt% C-rGO.…”