A facile approach for thermal and reduction dual-responsive prodrug nanogels for intracellular doxorubicin delivery

Abstract

Temperature and redox dual responsive prodrug nanogels for controlled drug release.

Functional Microgels: Recent Advances in Their Biomedical Applications

“…The concentration of reducing GSH in the cytosol is ≈2 × 10 −3 –10 × 10 −3 m as compared to the extracellular fluids having ≈2 × 10 −6 –20 × 10 −6 m . Hence, drug delivery vehicles comprised of disulfide bonds are particularly interesting due to their characteristic degradation under physically relevant reducing conditions …”

“…The cargo can be released finally at the targeted site by the destruction of the chemical bond in the presence of stimuli. Peng et al reported the conjugation of DOX by taking advantage of reactive succinimide groups present in PVCL‐ co ‐ N ‐succinimidyl methacrylate microgels that can be degraded under acidic medium . Similarly, acid‐labile Schiff linkage have been used for conjugating doxorubicin to the carrier system and the loaded drug can be released at low pH by hydrolysis of these bonds .…”

“…[23,96,97] The concentration of reducing GSH in the cytosol is ≈2 × 10 −3 -10 × 10 −3 m as compared to the extracellular fluids having ≈2 × 10 −6 -20 × 10 −6 m. [98] Hence, drug delivery vehicles comprised of disulfide bonds are particularly interesting due to their characteristic degradation under physically relevant reducing conditions. [99][100][101] Multifunctional PNIPAM-based microgels were fabricated by Zhang et al via precipitation method using (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 3-acrylamidephenylboronic acid (AAPBA) as comonomers along with BAC as degradable crosslinker. [102] Developed microgels were stable under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 0.15 m NaCl, 37 °C).…”

“…Conjugation of the drugs directly to microgels by using various functionalities that have been incorporated inside the polymer network during synthesis, is another interesting approach for achieving the controlled drug delivery. [100,146] This helps to not only minimize the burst release of loaded drug under physiological condition but also to improve the solubility, stability, biodistribution, and release of the drug in vivo. [1] The cargo can be released finally at the targeted site by the destruction of the chemical bond in the presence of stimuli.…”

Super‐resolution Fluorescence Imaging for Materials Science

“…[40b] The distribution of succinimidyl groups to functionalize microgels was visualized by reaction with Alexa Fluor 647 Cadaverine, which revealed that the succinimidyl functionalities were mainly in the outer regions of the microgels due to the corresponding synthesis of the microgels. [41] Furthermore, polymer nanoparticles were investigated by Tian et al using a PALM-like approach, which they called "photo actuated unimolecular logical switching attained reconstruction" (PULSAR) nanoscopy. [42] For this, the PS core of the core-shell nanoparticles was labeled with a spiropyran photoswitch.…”