A facile and sustainable approach for simultaneously flame retarded, UV protective and reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites using fully bio-based complexing couples

Zhou, Yuyang; Tawiah, Benjamin; Noor, Nuruzzaman; Zhang, Zheng; Sun, Jun; Yuen, Richard K.K.; Fei, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108833

Cited by 79 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Melt‐compounding has also been reported to be employed for preparation of PA/polymer (nano)composite systems 21,45,46 . In most cases, the modification of the filler using PA and/or modifying PA have been employed to improve the interaction and the dispersion of the FR within the host polymer matrix 21,45 .…”

Section: Preparation Of Fire‐retardant Polymer‐pa Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The char residue increased from ~16.5% to ~33.2% demonstrating that volatile products were catalytically carbonized to afford facilitation of charring process rather than combustion through heating. Recent study by Zhou et al 46 compared fire resistance performance of chitosan/PA (PEC) and combination PA/CS and tannic acid/ferric salt (TA‐Fe) as FRs for PLA. It was found both PEC‐based samples and PEC‐TA‐Fe‐based samples exhibited light dripping and attained UL94 V‐0 rating.…”

Section: Other Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flame retardancy efficacy of phytic acid: An overview

Mokhena

Sadiku

Ray

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The article reviews the different methods of which, phytic acid (PA) can be employed as a flame retardant (FR) filler for different polymeric materials. The methods are critically discussed, based on the available literature and patents. Depending on the method used and the addition of FRs into a PA flame retarded system, different flame retarding modes of action and fire resistance performances are attained. The mechanism of action for PA‐based system remains similar to those observed in other phosphorus‐based FRs, namely, condensed and gas‐phase mechanisms.

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Section: Preparation Of Fire‐retardant Polymer‐pa Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy efficacy of phytic acid: An overview

Mokhena

Sadiku

Ray

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…With the combination of some negative charged compounds (such as phytic acid, poly(vinyl sulfonic acid sodium salt) and clay), CH can significantly improve the fire resistance of PU foams, cotton fabrics, and other polymeric substrates with a mere surface coating [22][23][24][25]. In addition to flame retardancy, the incorporation of CH or modified CH with other ingredients also leads to the improvement of various other properties of polymeric substrates (such as UV protection, hydrophilicity and antimicrobial properties) as a number of researchers have recently discovered [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Composites with Chitin-Based Intumescent Flame Retardants

et al. 2021

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In this work, a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was fabricated by the introduction of chitin as a green charring agent, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the acid source, and melamine (MEL) as the gas source. The obtained chitin-based IFR was then incorporated into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix using melt compounding. The fire resistance of PLA/chitin composites was investigated via the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter (CONE) tests. The results demonstrated that the combination of 10%APP, 5%chitin and 5%MEL could result in a 26.0% LOI, a V-0 rating after UL and a 51.2% reduction in the peak heat release rate during the CONE test. Based on the mechanism analysis from both the morphology and the chemical structure of the char, it was suggested that chitin was a promising candidate as a charring agent for chitin reacted with APP and MEL with the formation of an intumescent layer on the surface.

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“…Nano fillers, like the nano attapulgite (ATP) coated by flame‐retardant resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), 33 the acid‐treated carbon nanotubes (CNT), 34 microporous boron‐based intumescent macrocycle (BMC), 35 the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, 36 the nanosized carbon black (CB) 37 and the nanoclay (modified with a coupling agent), 38 can endow the flame retardant PLA system with excellent mechanical properties, so they are usually added into the PLA composites to form the physical crosslinking network structures. Some reactive components were added into PLA to make chemical crosslinking network structures in flame retardant PLA composites, such as the phosphite functional polysilsesquioxane (PPSQ), 39 the phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardant (PN) consist of cytosine and diphenylphosphinic chloride, 40 the tannin acid/ferric salt (TAFe) and chitosan/phytic acid (CTSPA), 41 the furan‐phosphamide derivative (POCFA), 42 and 2‐(6‐Oxido‐6H‐dibenz‐oxaphosphorin‐6‐yl)‐methanol (ODOPM) 43 . In addition, the electron beam crosslinking is also used for chemical crosslinking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of crosslinking network structures by addingZnOandADRin intumescent flame retardantPLAcomposites

Chen

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Different proportion of nano zinc oxide (nano ZnO) and chain extender (ADR) were combined with the intumescent flame retardant and then added into the PLA matrix. The thermal stability, flame retardant performance, and mechanical properties were studied. The gel content results showed that crosslinking structures were obtained after the addition of nano ZnO and ADR, which were generated by the catalytic chain scission effect of nano ZnO and chain extension effect of ADR. With addition of 1% nano ZnO and 1.6% ADR, the gel content of flame retardant PLA composite reached the highest value (14.2%). Meanwhile, the corresponding flame retardant PLA composite with 1% nano ZnO and 1.6% ADR, named FRPLA/ZnO/ADR‐1, exhibited an overall improved properties including the flame retardant properties and mechanical performance, which passed the UL94 V‐0 level with a limiting oxygen index value of 40.1%. Compared to FRPLA (flame retardant PLA without ZnO and ADR), the peak heat release rate and the total smoke production of FRPLA/ZnO/ADR‐1were reduced by 60% and 67% respectively, and the final mass improved from 12% to 38%. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation at break of FRPLA/ZnO/ADR‐1 increased by 25%, 14% compared with that of FRPLA. The impact strength was 15.1 kJ/m2, which is similar to the pure PLA (15.6 kJ/m2). It indicated that the addition of nano ZnO and ADR could balance the flame retardant performance and the mechanical properties of the flame retardant PLA.

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A facile and sustainable approach for simultaneously flame retarded, UV protective and reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites using fully bio-based complexing couples

Cited by 79 publications

References 92 publications

Flame retardancy efficacy of phytic acid: An overview

Flame retardancy efficacy of phytic acid: An overview

The Preparation and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Composites with Chitin-Based Intumescent Flame Retardants

Construction of crosslinking network structures by addingZnOandADRin intumescent flame retardantPLAcomposites

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