A facile and efficient synthesis of polystyrene/gold–platinum composite particles and their application for aerobic oxidation of alcohols in water

Abstract

Herein we develop a facile and effective method for the synthesis of composite particles composed of polystyrene microspheres decorated with gold-platinum alloy nanoparticles, which exhibited excellent catalytic activity and recyclability for 1-phenylethanol oxidation under mild conditions (without a base, air as an oxidant, in water, at 40 °C).

Supported single Au(III) ion catalysts for high performance in the reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyls with alcohols

“…From the above results, it can be inferred that most of the cationic gold species can be stabilized on CeO 2 ; this has been also demonstrated by theoretical calculations. Shi et al [3] and Camellone et al [31] reported through DFT theoretical calculations that cationic gold species can be anchored on the O-hollow site by coordinating with four oxygen atoms.…”

“…In the past decade, researchers in the field of chemistry have devoted increasing effort for the development of economical processes based on the principles of green chemistry [1][2][3]. Among homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, homogeneous catalysts, which possess designable structures and exhibit high selectivity, show prominent advantages.…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Relative Study on the Catalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Doped MnCO3, –MnO2, and –Mn2O3 Nanocomposites for Aerial Oxidation of Alcohols

“…In order to exploit the applicability of the present catalytic system and to generalize the scope of the oxidation process, the oxidation reaction has extended to various types of alcohol such as primary aromatic, allylic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic alcohols. Generally, all primary aromatic alcohols could be oxidized rapidly to the corresponding aldehydes with complete conversions within very short reaction times (Table 6, entries [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Moreover, more than 99% selectivity to corresponding aldehydes has been achieved in most of oxidation reactions and no other products were detected in the reaction mixture because no overoxidation to carboxylic acids occurred.…”

“…For an example, para-nitrobenzyl alcohol was fully oxidized into its corresponding aldehyde within 7 min (Table 6, entry 12), while meta-and ortho-nitrobenzyl alcohol were completely oxidized after longer times, 8 and 11 min, respectively ( Table 6, entries 14 and 15). Steric hindrance is another essential factor that affects the rate of the oxidation processes; the bulky groups such as 4-CF 3 , 2,4-DiCl, 2,3,4-TriOMe, and 2,3,4,5,6-pentaflouro attached to benzyl alcohol decrease the performance of the oxidation reaction, maybe because of the steric resistance that impedes the oxidation of the alcohols bearing bulky substituents (Table 6, entries 13,[16][17][18]. Cinnamyl alcohol, an example of allylic alcohols, has been completely oxidized to cinnamaldehyde with more than 99% cinnamaldehyde selectivity within 7 min (Table 6, entry 21).…”

“…In contrast, using clean and low cost oxidizing agents, such as aqueous hydrogen peroxide and particularly molecular oxygen to produce water, is the only side product and has gained growing interest from the sustainable and green chemistry point of views [14,15]. In this context, noble metals such as gold [16][17][18][19][20], palladium [21], platinum [22][23][24], ruthenium [25,26], and rhodium [27,28] have been used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the alcohol oxidation with high catalytic activities and selectivities. Beside their high costs, these precious metals also have serious toxicity issues and difficulty in preparation and rarity of these noble metals makes these catalysts 2 Journal of Chemistry impractical for industrial applications [29,30].…”