A fabric and petrologic study of the Pleasantview sandstone [Illinois]

Rusnak, Gene A.

doi:10.2110/jsr.27.41

Cited by 37 publications

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“…The Tukey test is a modified version of the x 2 test, suggested by Tukey but first published by Rusnak (1957). The expression of the test for grouped data in the form proposed by Middleton (1965) is:…”

Section: Tukey X 2 Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image analysis and circular statistics for shape-fabric analysis: applications to lithified ignimbrites

Capaccioni

Valentini

Rocchi

et al. 1997

Bulletin of Volcanology

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Computer-assisted image analysis can be successfully used to derive quantitative textural data on pyroclastic rock samples. This method provides a large number of different measurements such as grain size, particle shape and 2D orientation of particle main axes (directional-or shape-fabric) automatically and in a relatively short time. Orientation data reduction requires specific statistical tests, mainly devoted to defining the kind of particle distribution pattern, the possible occurrence of preferred particle orientation, the confidence interval of the mean direction and the degree of randomness with respect to pre-assigned theoretical frequency distributions. Data obtained from image analysis of seven lithified ignimbrite samples from the Vulsini Volcanic District (Central Italy) are used to test different statistics and to provide insight about directional fabrics. First, the possible occurrence of a significant deviation from a theoretical circular uniform distribution was evaluated by using the Rayleigh and Tukey x 2 tests. Then, the Kuiper test was performed to evaluate whether or not the observation fits with a unimodal, Von Mises-like theoretical frequency distribution. Finally, the confidence interval of mean direction was calculated. With the exception of one sample (FPD10), which showed a well-developed bimodality, all the analysed samples display significant anisotropic and unimodal distributions. The minimum number of measurements necessary to obtain reasonable variabilities of the calculated statistics and mean directions was evaluated by repeating random collections of the measured particles at increments of 100 particles for each sample. Although the observed variabilities depend largely on the pattern of distribution and an absolute minimum number cannot be stated, approximately 1500-2000 measurements are required in order to get meaningful mean directions for the analysed samples.

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Section: Tukey X 2 Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image analysis and circular statistics for shape-fabric analysis: applications to lithified ignimbrites

Capaccioni

Valentini

Rocchi

et al. 1997

Bulletin of Volcanology

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“…In none of the local basins is there evidence of structural control, although the distributary channels of each cross the LaSalle Anticline, the largest structural feature within the Illinois coal basin, without showing any offsets or other indications that this structure was a topographic barrier at the time of coal deposition. (Ekblaw, 1930;Rusnak, 1957;Wanless, 1952, p. COAL NO. 11, KENTUCKY Kentucky As outcrops in the region are quite numerous, it seem unlikely that all of valley or delta areas will show thick coal.…”

Section: Deltas and Coal Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions of Deposition of Pennsylvanian Coal Beds

Wanless

Baroffio

Trescott

1969

Geological Society of America Special Papers

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Studies of distribution and character of Pennsylvanian coals in the eastern and central United States have shown that their accumulation resulted from several environmental patterns, as follows: (1) distribution controlled by the building of a widespread delta (Illinois 5, 5a, and 6 coals in southern Illinois basin); (2) unfilled channels, either of alluvial streams (western Illinois No. 4 coal) or unfilled delta distributary channels (No. 5 coal, southeastern Illinois) -thinner coal is found away from the unfilled channels; (3) coal accumulation in an estuary prior to drowning (No. 1 coal of Illinois); (4) deposition on a narrow coastal strip comparable with Atlantic coastal marshes of today (Mulberry coal of Missouri and Kansas); (5) local accumulation in a lagoon behind an offshore barrier (Ogan, Winters, Clarion, and Scrubgrass coals of southern Ohio); (6) local accumulation in a cut-off meander of a stream, with clastic partings and no underclay (local coals in Pleasantview Sandstone of western Illinois); (7) a plain exposed following abrupt marine regression (Lexington coal of Missouri and Iowa); (8) a level depositional plain formed by burial of pre-Pennsylvanian topographic irregularities (No. 2 coal of Illinois; Croweburg coal of midcontinent).Some coals formed on delta plains or flood plains are separated from channels by natural levees, and an example has been found in the substrata of the No. 5 coal in southeastern Illinois. Where a fluviatile or deltaic 105 ENVIRONMENTS OF COAL DEPOSITION channel was filled, because of greater compaction of shales away from the channel, a coal may thin or wedge out over the channel sandstone.A study of the environments in which Pennsylvanian coals have formed contributes also to the understanding of the genesis of underclays. It is suggested that an understanding of composition and geometry of coal substrata should guide exploration for future coal reserves. CONTENTS108 ENVIRONMENTS OF COAL DEPOSITION 20. Environmental map during deposition of substrata of Colchester (No. 2) coal, Croweburg coal, and correlatives in Illinois Basin and midcontinent region ¡32 21. Distribution of Colchester (No. 2) coal, Croweburg coal, and correlatives in Illinois Basin and midcontinent region 134 22. Distribution of clastic partings in Brookville, Stockton, and Richardson coals, northern Appalachian coal basin 135

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“…We apply the technique proposed in this paper to the characterization of a series of crossbedding planes which were studied by Rusnak (1957). In the accompanying table, we list Rusnak's data on observed crossbedding dip direction and inclination.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Survey research 1965, Chapter C

1965

Professional Paper

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Ground water Hydrologic instrumentation LimnologyBennett 51 GeochemistryFractionation of uranium isotopes and daughter products in uranium-bearing sandstone, Gas Hills, Wyo., by J. N. Rosholt, Jr., and C. P. Ferreira 58 GeochronologyPliocene age of the ash-flow deposits of the San Pedro area, Chile, by R. J. Dingman 63 Jurassic age of a mafic igneous complex, Christian quadrangle, Alaska, by H. N. Reiser, M. A. Lanphere, and W. P.Brosge 68 Paleontology and stratigraphy Marine geologyComposition of basalts dredged from seamounts off the west coast of Central America, by C. G. Engel and T. E. Chase_ _ 161 Data analysisOn the statistics of the orientation of bedding planes, grain axes, and similar sedimentological data, by A. E. Scheidegger_ 164 Analytical methodsA spectrophotometric method for the determination of traces of gold in geologic materials, by H. W. Lakin and H. M. Nakagawa 168 A field method for the determination of silver in soils and rocks, by H. M. Nakagawa and H. W. Lakin 172 HYDROLOGIC STUDIES Quality of water Hydrologic instrumentationA portable sampler for collecting water samples from specific zones in uncased or screened wells, by R. N. Cherry 214 INDEXES Subject 217Author 219 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1965This collection of 44 short papers is the second published chapter of Geological Survey Research 1965. The papers report on scientific and economic results of current work by members of the Conservation, Geologic, and Water Resources Divisions of the U.S. Geological Survey.Chapter A, to be published later in the year, will present a summary of significant results of work done during the present fiscal year, together with lists of investigations in progress, reports published, cooperating agencies, and Geological Survey offices.Geological Abstract.-The possible origin of some filled basin-range valleys as pull-aparts or tensional rifts on the back edge of a thrust plate was mentioned by Rubey and Hubbert in 1959. The concept was subsequently applied to Gem Valley, mainly as an interpretation of gravity and other data in the northern part of the valley. New stratigraphic information indicates that Paleozoic units on opposite sides of the valley contrast markedly in thickness and fades. Original sites of deposition, therefore, probably were not closer together than the 7 to 12 miles now separating the exposures. THE PULL-APART CONCEPTThe development of pull-apart gaps on the back edges of thrust plates has been suggested as a probable corollary of the hypothesis of overthrusting by gravitational sliding not accompanied by regional compression (Rubey and Hubbert, 1959, p. 194). The manner in which a pull-apart or tensional rift may form has been illustrated by Rubey and Hubbert (1959, fig. 9) as shown on figure 1. A thick plate of rock starts moving down the flank of a geosyncline FIGURE 1.-Development of a pull-apart rift under the gravitational-sliding hypothesis. An incipient bedding-plane glide surface develops in a zone of abnormal fluid pressure on the flank of a geosyncline and breaks...

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A fabric and petrologic study of the Pleasantview sandstone [Illinois]

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Image analysis and circular statistics for shape-fabric analysis: applications to lithified ignimbrites

Image analysis and circular statistics for shape-fabric analysis: applications to lithified ignimbrites

Conditions of Deposition of Pennsylvanian Coal Beds

Geological Survey research 1965, Chapter C

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