Introduction: The chemical-dependent production process adopted by agribusiness, which considers pesticides to be essential to combat pests, causes great harm to human health. Making their use and the relationship with their effects a global concern. Objective: This study sought to analyze the epidemiological profile of pesticide poisoning cases in Brazil. Methodology: This is a retrospective study with a quantitative approach based, theoretically, in related publications, between the period 2015 to 2020 and analysis of data related to pesticide poisoning in Brazil available on the DATASUS platforms (Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System) referring to the SINAN NET records through the Tabnet Interface and in the Ministry of Health's National System of Toxic-Pharmacological Information (SINITOX) from 2013 to 2017. Results: There was a prevalence of intoxication among males, aged 20-39 years, living in the urban area. Intoxication in accidental circumstances representing 46.4% of the cases in Sinitox and cases related to the attempted suicide with 52.6% according to Sinan. Most pesticide poisonings evolve to cure. Through the analysis of data from the systems, it was also possible to observe the prevalence of underreported cases through inconsistency between the case records between the databases used. Conclusion: He need for proper use and management of pesticides was highlighted, so that it is possible to reduce damage to the health of rural workers. As well as the importance of using PPE in the management, training and surveillance by health professionals.