A expansão chinesa recente e novas determinações do imperialismo no século XXI

Abstract

ResumoO artigo faz uma análise da expansão chinesa recente contrapondo-a com algumas formulações teóricas dentro do campo marxista. Parte-se dos conceitos de imperialismo presentes em Lênin e também em Poulantzas e de alguns apontamentos mais recentes em torno do chamado novo imperialismo. A partir daí pretende-se discutir a ideia de que a expansão chinesa poderia ser identificada como mais um caso de expansão imperialista. A hipótese é de que a expansão da China se apresenta como um fenômeno novo e peculiar relacionado a um desdobramento de um processo de acumulação específico e contraditório. Assim, esta projeção reflete uma tentativa de expansão de um modelo econômico que, por um lado contrapõe-se a ordem liberal ocidental, mas ao mesmo tempo instaura novas contradições com impactos nos demais países, principalmente periféricos.Palavras-chave: Imperialismo; China; expansão AbstractThe article analyzes the recent Chinese expansion in contrast it with some theoretical formulations within the Marxist field. It starts from the concepts of imperialism present in Lenin and also in Poulantzas and from some more recent notes about the so-called new imperialism. From this we intend to discuss the idea that Chinese expansion could be identified as another case of imperialist expansion. The hypothesis is that China's expansion presents itself as a new and peculiar phenomenon related to an unfolding of a process of specific and contradictory accumulation. Thus, this projection reflects an attempt to expand an economic model that, on the one hand, opposes the Western liberal order, but at the same time establishes new contradictions with impacts in other countries, mainly peripheral ones.

Sino-Philippine relations as the modern tributary game

“…This way, Chinese companies started to invest abroad to gain more control over value chains and to access new technologies, markets and resources (NOGUEIRA, 2012). The approach to African countries, for example, has taken place through internal articulations that bring together the Chinese government, the financial institutions (Exim and CDB) and the state companies (Ribeiro, 2017) and such processes denote a change of focus from developed to developing countries. In short, the political economy projection through the state's dirigisme in vital sectors such as energy, infrastructure, food and technology has functioned as a relief for internal constraints.…”

China´S International Projection Since 2008: The new Core-Periphery relations and The belt and Road Initiative Through Foreign Direct Investment

“…When analyzing China´s drives of international projection (figure 2) one must bear in mind that the win-win game, the peaceful rise and the economic statecraft are not always harmonious and complementary. They also carry a series of contradictions that may not fit perfectly into the classical concepts of imperialism, but they construct new coreperiphery relations (Ribeiro, 2017) that must be analyzed from a critical standpoint. Thus, BRI will be the case study below.…”

The Rise of State-Transnational Capitalism in the Xi Jinping Era

“…Some authors in the field of Chinese Studies follow a similar approach while examining the recent transformations of the state in China. For instance, Andreas (2008), Au (2012), Lopes Ribeiro (2017), Nogueira/Qi (2018), McNally (2019, and Wang (2015) agree that the gradual character of the reforms inaugurated by Deng Xiaoping did not prevent the emergence of new capitalist classes. They generally relate this phenomenon to different processes of capital accumulation that have been facilitated -and some-times, guided -by the state.…”