A European lead isotope signal recorded from 6000 to 300 years BP in coastal marshes (SW France)

Alfonso, Stéphanie; Grousset, F.; Massé, Laurent; Tastet, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00566-5

Cited by 62 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The extent of anthropogenic contribution by comparison to natural contribution can, however, be estimated by normalising total metal concentrations to a conservative element, which has no anthropogenic origin. Lithophilic elements such as Sc, but also Zr, Ti, Al (Martınez-Cortizas et al, 1997, 2002Schettleŕ and Romer, 1998;Kempter and Frenzel, 2000;Shotyk et al, 2001Shotyk et al, , 2002aShotyk, 2002;Weiss et al, 2002) or ash content (West et al, 1997;Alfonso et al, 2001) are generally used for normalisation. This procedure implicitly assumes that natural MetalySc ratios of natural inorganic material are constant over time.…”

Section: Origin Of Mineral Materials and Assessment Of Anthropogenic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence of post-depositional lead migrations has already been noticed, at the time scale of the last century, in minerogenic peatlands with ash content less than 10%, making historical interpretation impossible (MacKenzie et al, 1998b). However, at the millennia time scale, coherent lead records have also been reported in marshes featured by high ash content reaching up to 94% (Alfonso et al, 2001). Other studies performed in mineral-rich peatlands (Espi et al, 1997;Shotyk, 2002), indicate that even predominantly minerogenic sites may properly preserve the record of anthropogenic atmospheric Pb deposition or, at least, may provide a qualitative surrogate for historical pollution (Shotyk, 1996b(Shotyk, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases, anthropogenic inputs have to dominate over detrital contribution (Weiss et al, 1999), and mineral dissolution of the underlying sediments must not contribute measurably to the lead inventory (Shotyk, 2002). Invaluable information on the sources may be obtained by the measurement of lead isotopic compositions (Brannvall et al, 1997;Shotyk et al, 1998;MacKenzie et al, 1998b;Weiss et al, 1999;Dunlap et al, 1999;Renberg et al, 2000;Alfonso et al, 2001;Aries, 2001;Weiss et al, 2002;Martınez-Cortizas et al, 2002;Shotyk et al 2002a,b;Monna et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental impact of early Basque mining and smelting recorded in a high ash minerogenic peat deposit

Monna

Galop

Carozza

et al. 2004

Science of The Total Environment

116

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More than four metres of core, covering almost 5000 years of deposition, were collected in a high ash minerogenic peat deposit located in the High Aldudes valley (Basque country), an area well known for its mineral abundance, exploited from Roman Times at least. Although minerogenic peatlands are not generally considered as the best archives to reconstruct past atmospheric metal deposition history, lead isotopic geochemistry demonstrates the integrity of the Pb record at least within the three upper meters; that is to say over the last four millennia. Zn, Cd and Cu may have been widely redistributed either by biological cycling, advective groundwater movements, or diffusional processes. Anthropogenic lead input phases are clearly pinpointed by positive shifts in Pb/Sc ratios with concomitant sharp drops in (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios. They are often accompanied by significant declines in tree taxa, interpreted as increasing demand for wood to supply energy for local mining and/or metallurgical operations. Periods of mining and/or smelting activity are identified during Antiquity and Modern Times, and are also confirmed by textual and field evidence. Inputs from the Rio Tinto (Southern Spain), often invoked as a major lead contributor to the European atmosphere during Roman Times, were not detected here. This remote source was probably masked by local inputs. Other mining and/or smelting phases, only suspected by archaeologists, are here identified as early as the Bronze Age. Although the durations of these phases are possibly overestimated because of detrital inputs consequent to the release of lead from polluted soils over a long period of time after major pollutant inputs, the periods at which pollution peaks occur are in good agreement with archaeological knowledge and palaeo-botanical data. The combination of geochemical and palaeo-botanical techniques with field archaeology, therefore provides a powerful tool in studying the interaction of early human societies with their environment, as regards early mining and smelting.

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Section: Origin Of Mineral Materials and Assessment Of Anthropogenic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental impact of early Basque mining and smelting recorded in a high ash minerogenic peat deposit

Monna

Galop

Carozza

et al. 2004

Science of The Total Environment

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Major metals (Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Na, K) were measured with ICP-OES (Perkin Elmer Optima 3000; calibrated with Merck standards, precision and accuracy: ±5% for most samples). Several samples were selected for Sr isotope analysis in order to trace migration of individuals within a given population (Bentley, 2006;Horstwood et al, 2008;Perry, 2002;Perry et al, 2008Perry et al, , 2011 and for Pb isotope analysis in order to calculate mixing ratios between natural (rock-derived) and ore-derived Pb (e.g., Alfonso et al, 2001;ManeaKrichten et al, 1991;Scaif, 1997). The isotopic composition of Pb in the polluted teeth was compared with the isotopic composition of Pb in production slags at Khirbet en-Nahas, Faynan and with soils and sediments from the burial sites (Wadi Fidan 40 and Wadi Fidan 4 e an EB site located across the valley from Fidan 40).…”

Section: Chemical and Isotopic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Age Nomads and their relation to copper smelting in Faynan (Jordan): Trace metal and Pb and Sr isotopic measurements from the Wadi Fidan 40 cemetery

Beherec

Levy

Tirosh

et al. 2016

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…Ombrotrophic, rain-fed peat bogs are regarded as most suitable (i.e., Bindler 2006;Coggins et al 2006) but other mires, like minerotrophic fens and marshes were also suggested as a reliable material for retrospective investigations (Alfonso et al 2001;Shotyk 2002;Monna et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral components in a peat deposit: looking for signs of early mining and smelting activities in Silesia–Cracow region (Southern Poland)

et al. 2012

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The results of investigations (SEM/EDS and AAS) of a peat deposit, spanning 13,000 years of peat accumulation, are shown. The peat deposit is located in a region of shallow occurrence of Zn-Pb ores, near Tarnowskie Góry town, within the Cracow-Silesia district (southern Poland). Exploitation of lead, silver and iron during the medieval times (Twelfth and thirteenth century) was confirmed by historical documents whereas there are no unambiguous data showing that there was metal mining during the Romanian or earlier times in the region. The peat deposit is located within the influence of atmospheric Pb and Zn emission from a nearby Zn-Pb smelter. Two vertical peat profiles were investigated (120 and 140 cm depth of profile) showing variable concentrations of Zn up to 713 mg kg -1 , Pb up to 317 mg kg -1 , Cd up to 13 mg kg -1 and Tl up to 31 mg kg -1 . The highest concentrations were recorded for the uppermost peat layers. SEM and EDS investigations revealed the occurrence of metalbearing, submicroscopic mineral components: Fe, Mn, Ti and Zn oxides and Zn and Pb carbonates. The top layer of the deposit contained Zn, Pb and Cd sulphides. The occurrence of aggregates of Au-Ag, Cu-Zn and Au-Ag-Cu alloys can be possibly related to prehistorical mining and smelting or be explained by geochemical transformations. The preservation of carbonates and oxides in the peat is discussed, indicating a generally neutral to alkaline peat water chemistry and maintenance of an oxidized environment in the fen.

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A European lead isotope signal recorded from 6000 to 300 years BP in coastal marshes (SW France)

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Environmental impact of early Basque mining and smelting recorded in a high ash minerogenic peat deposit

Environmental impact of early Basque mining and smelting recorded in a high ash minerogenic peat deposit

Iron Age Nomads and their relation to copper smelting in Faynan (Jordan): Trace metal and Pb and Sr isotopic measurements from the Wadi Fidan 40 cemetery

Mineral components in a peat deposit: looking for signs of early mining and smelting activities in Silesia–Cracow region (Southern Poland)

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