A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe

Bressi, M.; Cavalli, F.; Putaud, Jean‐Philippe; Fröhlich, Roman; Petit, Jean-Eudes; Aas, Wenche; Äijälä, Mikko; Alástuey, Andrés; Allan, J. D.; Aurela, Minna; Berico, M.; Bougiatioti, A.; Bukowiecki, Nicolas; Canonaco, Francesco; Crenn, Vincent; Dusanter, Sébastien; Ehn, Mikael; Elsässer, M.; Flentje, H.; Graf, Peter; Green, D.C.; Heikkinen, Liine; Hermann, H; Holzinger, Rupert; Hueglin, Christoph; Keernik, Hannes; Kiendler‐Scharr, Astrid; Kubelová, Lucie; Lunder, Chris Rene; Maasikmets, Marek; Makeš, Otakar; Malaguti, Antonella; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos; Nicolas, José B.; O’Dowd, Colin; Ovadnevaitė, Jurgita; Petralia, Ettore; Poulain, Laurent; Priestman, Max; Riffault, Véronique; Ripoll, Anna; Schlag, Patrick; Schwarz, Jaroslav; Sciare, Jean; Slowik, Jay G.; Sosedova, Yulia; Stavroulas, Iasonas; Teinemaa, Erik; Via, Marta; Vodička, Petr; Wiedensohler, Alfred; Young, D. E.; Zhang, S.; Favez, Olivier; Minguillón, María Cruz; Prévôt, Andrê S. H.

doi:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Nitrate was correlated well with the ammonium ion (r 2 = 0.62), with BC bb especially in nighttime (r 2 = 0.69; Figure S8b) and more modestly with BC ff and NO x during the daytime (r 2 : 0.36, 0.37, respectively; Figure S8a). In contrast to what was observed for OA and sulfate, nitrate mean levels in Piraeus were similar or lower compared to urban sites in Central/Northern Europe, probably due to the lower temperatures and the more abundant ammonia emissions facilitating the neutralization of nitric acid, in the latter case [104]. Chloride levels were low in terms of median value (0.1 µg m −3 ), but were inflated as an average (0.2 µg m −3 ) by the presence of some conspicuous nocturnal events, associated with intense BB and stagnant conditions or weak winds from NE directions.…”

Section: Winter Periodcontrasting

confidence: 87%

Online Chemical Characterization and Sources of Submicron Aerosol in the Major Mediterranean Port City of Piraeus, Greece

et al. 2021

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Port cities are affected by a wide array of emissions, including those from the shipping, road transport, and residential sectors; therefore, the characterization and apportionment of such sources in a high temporal resolution is crucial. This study presents measurements of fine aerosol chemical composition in Piraeus, one of the largest European ports, during two monthly periods (winter vs. summer) in 2018–2019, using online instrumentation (Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor—ACSM, 7-λ aethalometer). PMF source apportionment was performed on the ACSM mass spectra to quantify organic aerosol (OA) components, while equivalent black carbon (BC) was decomposed to its fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning (BB) fractions. The combined traffic, shipping and, especially, residential emissions led to considerably elevated submicron aerosol levels (22.8 μg m−3) in winter, which frequently became episodic late at night under stagnant conditions. Carbonaceous compounds comprised the major portion of this submicron aerosol in winter, with mean OA and BC contributions of 61% (13.9 μg m−3) and 16% (3.7 μg m−3), respectively. The contribution of BB to BC concentrations was considerable and spatially uniform. OA related to BB emissions (fresh and processed) and hydrocarbon-like OA (from vehicular traffic and port-related fossil fuel emissions including shipping) accounted for 37% and 30% of OA, respectively. In summer, the average PM1 concentration was significantly lower (14.8 μg m−3) and less variable, especially for the components associated with secondary aerosols (such as OA and sulfate). The effect of the port sector was evident in summer and maintained BC concentrations at high levels (2.8 μg m−3), despite the absence of BB and improved atmospheric dispersion. Oxygenated components yielded over 70% of OA in summer, with the more oxidized secondary component of regional origin being dominant (41%) despite the intensity of local sources, in the Piraeus environment. In general, with respect to local sources that can be the target of mitigation policies, this work highlights the importance of port-related activities but also reveals the extensive wintertime impact of residential wood burning. While a separation of the BB source is feasible, more research is needed on how to disentangle the short-term effects of different fossil-fuel combustion sources.

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Section: Winter Periodcontrasting

confidence: 87%

Online Chemical Characterization and Sources of Submicron Aerosol in the Major Mediterranean Port City of Piraeus, Greece

et al. 2021

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“…During their daily activities, people are exposed to various environmental pollutants that may have cyto/genotoxic properties. This particularly concerns urban air, which is a complex mixture of different physical and chemical agents that possess mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, such as heavy metals, diesel soot, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and PAHs [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]). In line with that, human biomonitoring is a critical instrument that allows us to evaluate to what extent different environmental substances affect the human population, providing valuable information on environmental exposure and helping us identify potential health risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associating Air Pollution with Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay Parameters in Lymphocytes of the General Population in Zagreb (Croatia)

Gajski

Gerić

Pehnec

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Air pollution is recognized as one of the most serious public health issues worldwide and was declared to be a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths. At the same time, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay serves as a cancer predictive method that is extensively used in human biomonitoring for populations exposed to environmental contamination. The objective of this cross-sectional study is two-fold: to evaluate genomic instability in a sample (N = 130) of healthy, general population residents from Zagreb (Croatia), chronically exposed to different levels of air pollution, and to relate them to air pollution levels in the period from 2011 to 2015. Measured frequencies of CBMN assay parameters were in agreement with the baseline data for the general population of Croatia. Air pollution exposure was based on four factors obtained from a factor analysis of all exposure data obtained for the examined period. Based on the statistical results, we did not observe a significant positive association between any of the CBMN assay parameters tested and measured air pollution parameters for designated time windows, except for benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) that showed significant negative association. Our results show that measured air pollution parameters are largely below the regulatory limits, except for B[a]P, and as such, they do not affect CBMN assay parameters’ frequency. Nevertheless, as air pollution is identified as a major health threat, it is necessary to conduct prospective studies investigating the effect of air pollution on genome integrity and human health.

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“…In fact, such a mass concentration (up to ∼10.3 µg/m 3 with a time resolution of 15 min) is atypical for the central Arctic Ocean 41 . For comparison, PM 1 average springtime mass concentrations in central and southern Europe range between 5 and ∼18 µg/m 339, 40,42 . The mass concentration observed during the intrusion period is extreme within the central Arctic Ocean context and demonstrates the large effect of mid-latitude pollution transported to the Arctic.…”

Section: Aerosol Size Distribution Number and Mass Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A central arctic extreme aerosol event triggered by a warm air-mass intrusion

et al. 2022

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Frequency and intensity of warm and moist air-mass intrusions into the Arctic have increased over the past decades and have been related to sea ice melt. During our year-long expedition in the remote central Arctic Ocean, a record-breaking increase in temperature, moisture and downwelling-longwave radiation was observed in mid-April 2020, during an air-mass intrusion carrying air pollutants from northern Eurasia. The two-day intrusion, caused drastic changes in the aerosol size distribution, chemical composition and particle hygroscopicity. Here we show how the intrusion transformed the Arctic from a remote low-particle environment to an area comparable to a central-European urban setting. Additionally, the intrusion resulted in an explosive increase in cloud condensation nuclei, which can have direct effects on Arctic clouds’ radiation, their precipitation patterns, and their lifetime. Thus, unless prompt actions to significantly reduce emissions in the source regions are taken, such intrusion events are expected to continue to affect the Arctic climate.

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A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe

Cited by 29 publications

References 71 publications

Online Chemical Characterization and Sources of Submicron Aerosol in the Major Mediterranean Port City of Piraeus, Greece

Online Chemical Characterization and Sources of Submicron Aerosol in the Major Mediterranean Port City of Piraeus, Greece

Associating Air Pollution with Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay Parameters in Lymphocytes of the General Population in Zagreb (Croatia)

A central arctic extreme aerosol event triggered by a warm air-mass intrusion

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