Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with excellent biocompatibility, tunable emission and designable surface composition have been widely applied for luminescent sensing of diverse biological targets. In addition to homogeneous bioanalysis, dynamic bioanalysis of biological analytes is also achieved with the combination of single-particle imaging technique. In this review, we majorly conclude the recently adopted steady-state and dynamic bioanalysis based on CQD luminescence probes. The synthesis and lumines-cence mechanism of CQDs is first introduced. Regarding the CQD-based luminescent bioanalysis, sensing principles and tactics are provided. The steady-state bioanalysis systems are discussed according to the targets. Dynamic bioanalysis platforms are concluded in two aspects: time-dependent accumulation and real-time dynamics. This review ends with the discussion of challenges and future trends of CQD probebased luminescent bioanalysis.