A emergência dos espaços políticos transnacionais

Abstract

This article retraces the ways in which politically-engaged Mexican migrant organizations from Chicago have contributed to the emergence of transnational political spaces since the late 1990s. The results of the underlying broad ethnographic study in Chicago and the Mexican state of Michoacán contribute to an understanding of transnational political spaces, based on the interplay of cross-border arenas of multifaceted political action. Mexican migrant organizations interact with their home communities, government agencies on both sides of the border and US civic organizations in civic and institutional political arenas. The ethnographic analysis highlights case-specific characteristics of transnational political spaces that are central to a more extensive theoretical understanding of transnationalization processes: "the local" as network of social relationships; the development of agency; political action in and beyond nation-state structures; and the intertwining of multifaceted interaction and communication arenas.

Rethinking the Binary Federal Theory: A Search for the EU’s and ASEAN’s Place in the Confederal-Federal Dichotomy

“…120 This led to the second judgment of BVerfG, Solange II, in which the court reversed its standpoint: the BVerfG now claimed that for as long as there is an effective protection of fundamental rights at the EU level similar to the level of protection under the German constitution, the BVerfG will not exercise its jurisdiction to decide whether EU law is in accordance with constitutional fundamental rights guarantees. 121 In this way, the BVerfG reaffi rmed its relative supremacy standpoint but withdrew from going further into open confl ict with the CJEU. There was no need to start an armed battle with the CJEU (by striking down EU legislation), since the BVerfG effectively got what it wanted (a higher protection of fundamental rights at the EU level).…”