A dynamical system perspective on plant hydraulic failure

Manzoni, Stefano; Katul, Gabriel G.; Porporato, Amilcare

doi:10.1002/2013wr015236

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…VWC is usually exponentially related to Ψ L (Pearcy et al ., ; Zweifel et al ., ). Such negative exponential relationships and their close relative, the Weibull function, have previously been successfully linearized in the study of leaf water potential dependencies (Manzoni et al ., ; Martinez‐Vilalta et al ., ; Gentine et al ., ) supporting the following approximation

VWC = α {normalΨ}_{normalL} + β

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global variations in ecosystem‐scale isohydricity

Konings

Gentine

2016

Global Change Biology

276

223

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Droughts are expected to become more frequent and more intense under climate change. Plant mortality rates and biomass declines in response to drought depend on stomatal and xylem flow regulation. Plants operate on a continuum of xylem and stomatal regulation strategies from very isohydric (strict regulation) to very anisohydric. Coexisting species may display a variety of isohydricity behaviors. As such, it can be difficult to predict how to model the degree of isohydricity at the ecosystem scale by aggregating studies of individual species. This is nonetheless essential for accurate prediction of ecosystem drought resilience. In this study, we define a metric for the degree of isohydricity at the ecosystem scale in analogy with a recent metric introduced at the species level. Using data from the AMSR-E satellite, this metric is evaluated globally based on diurnal variations in microwave vegetation optical depth (VOD), which is directly related to leaf water potential. Areas with low annual mean radiation are found to be more anisohydric. Except for evergreen broadleaf forests in the tropics, which are very isohydric, and croplands, which are very anisohydric, land cover type is a poor predictor of ecosystem isohydricity, in accordance with previous species-scale observations. It is therefore also a poor basis for parameterizing water stress response in land-surface models. For taller ecosystems, canopy height is correlated with higher isohydricity (so that rainforests are mostly isohydric). Highly anisohydric areas show either high or low underlying water use efficiency. In seasonally dry locations, most ecosystems display a more isohydric response (increased stomatal regulation) during the dry season. In several seasonally dry tropical forests, this trend is reversed, as dry-season leaf-out appears to coincide with a shift toward more anisohydric strategies. The metric developed in this study allows for detailed investigations of spatial and temporal variations in plant water behavior.

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VWC = α {normalΨ}_{normalL} + β

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global variations in ecosystem‐scale isohydricity

Konings

Gentine

2016

Global Change Biology

276

223

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“…In the case of isohydric species, like Acer saccharum , the most immediate response to low soil water availability is the closure of stomata to better maintain a constant level of leaf turgor (Manzoni et al. ). If drought remains for long periods of time, the major effect is decreased photosynthetic assimilation and reduced radial growth (Bahari et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition ameliorates the decline in tree growth caused by a drier climate

Ibáñez

Zak

Burton

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Most forest ecosystems are simultaneously affected by concurrent global change drivers. However, when assessing these effects, studies have mainly focused on the responses to single factors and have rarely evaluated the joined effects of the multiple aspects of environmental change. Here, we analyzed the combined effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and climatic conditions on the radial growth of Acer saccharum, a dominant tree species in eastern North American forests. We capitalized on a long-term N deposition study, replicated along a latitudinal gradient, that has been taking place for more than 20 yr. We analyzed tree radial growth as a function of anthropogenic N deposition (ambient and experimental addition) and of summer temperature and soil water conditions. Our results reveal that experimental N deposition enhances radial growth of this species, an effect that was accentuated as temperature increased and soil water became more limiting. The spatial and temporal extent of our data also allowed us to assert that the positive effects of growing under the experimental N deposition are likely due to changes in the physiological performance of this species, and not due to the positive correlation between soil N and soil water holding capacity, as has been previously speculated in other studies. Our simulations of tree growth under forecasted climate scenarios specific for this region also revealed that although anthropogenic N deposition may enhance tree growth under a large array of environmental conditions, it will not mitigate the expected effects of growing under the considerably drier conditions characteristic of our most extreme climatic scenario.

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“…Stomata integrate the environmental and hydraulic signals external and internal to the plant including the xylem flow pathway from the roots to the guard cells (Meinzer et al, ; Woodruff, Meinzer, & McCulloh, ). Using a simple plant hydraulic model, Manzoni et al () showed that the coordination among plant hydraulic traits results in an increased resilience to environmental stresses. For example, deep roots in anisohydric species make them less vulnerable to hydraulic failure, whereas the impact of deeper roots on carbon deficiency is only marginal (Figure b,d,f).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic trait coordination and cost–benefit trade‐offs throughout the isohydric–anisohydric continuum in trees

2018

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Whole‐plant hydraulic performance depends on the integrated function of trait complexes, such as embolism resistance, stomatal closure mechanisms, and root properties. The diversity of such traits produces a wide range of response strategies to both short‐term variation of environmental conditions and long‐term changes to climate and hydrological cycles. This study aims to assess the role of different emergent hydraulic trait combinations in trees' vulnerability to drought using a quantitative modelling framework. This modelling framework may be helpful in studying the influence of plant hydraulic traits independently. It will also be used to assess how different groups of traits interact to form viable hydraulic strategies in response to different environmental conditions. We use the advanced plant hydrodynamic model, finite‐difference ecosystem‐scale tree crown hydrodynamics model version 2, to resolve plant functional traits of roots, stems, and leaves and simulate the transpiration. We define a multidimensional hydraulic “strategy space” by considering a continuum of these traits to test the outcomes of different hypothetical strategies in response to environmental conditions as observed in Northern Michigan, USA. We evaluate the degree to which simulated trees suffer hydraulic failure due to cavitation or carbon deficiency in response to reduced stomatal conductance. Our results demonstrate how the relationship between plant hydraulic strategy and hydraulic safety margin emerges from trait combinations along different tissue levels. Our findings suggest that hydrodynamic models present an exciting new possibility to define and study plant traits and hydrodynamics.

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A dynamical system perspective on plant hydraulic failure

Cited by 51 publications

References 58 publications

Global variations in ecosystem‐scale isohydricity

Global variations in ecosystem‐scale isohydricity

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition ameliorates the decline in tree growth caused by a drier climate

Hydrodynamic trait coordination and cost–benefit trade‐offs throughout the isohydric–anisohydric continuum in trees

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