A dynamic thermoregulatory material inspired by squid skin

Leung, Erica M.; Escobar, Melvin Colorado; Stiubianu, George; Jim, Steven R.; Vyatskikh, Alexandra L.; Feng, Zhijing; Garner, Nicholas; Patel, Priyam; Naughton, Kyle L.; Follador, Maurizio; Karshalev, Emil; Trexler, Morgana M.; Gorodetsky, Alon A.

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09589-w

Cited by 134 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Within this context, devices or systems that can potentially manipulate light across both the visible (400–740 nm) and IR (740 nm to 15 µm) spectral regions remain quite rare. To date, relatively few classes of these technologies have been reported, such as thermochromic phase‐change materials,17–20 electrochromic devices,21–23 IR‐reflecting platforms,24,25 and reconfigurable soft machines9 (see Table S1, Supporting Information), and they have featured drawbacks that include a limited degree of spectral modulation, impractical actuation requirements, poor stability to repeated actuation, slow response times, and/or complicated fabrication 9,17–25. Indeed, the engineering of devices and systems with tandem adaptive functionality across a broad spectral window (i.e., encompassing the visible, near‐IR, short‐wavelength IR, mid‐wavelength IR, and long‐wavelength IR) has proven challenging, in part because of the order of magnitude difference in the length scales associated with the propagation of visible and long‐wavelength IR light.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Cephalopod‐Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems

Escobar

Gorodetsky

2020

Advanced Materials

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robotics. [9,10] More recently, the emergence of analogous platforms that dynamically modulate the propagation of IR radiation (i.e., heat) has facilitated exciting proof-of-principle demonstrations in areas such as energy conservation, [11,12] thermal management, [13,14] and IR camouflage. [15,16] Within this context, devices or systems that can potentially manipulate light across both the visible (400-740 nm) and IR (740 nm to 15 µm) spectral regions remain quite rare. To date, relatively few classes of these technologies have been reported, such as thermochromic phase-change materials, [17][18][19][20] electrochromic devices, [21][22][23] IR-reflecting platforms, [24,25] and reconfigurable soft machines [9] (see Table S1, Supporting Information), and they have featured drawbacks that include a limited degree of spectral modulation, impractical actuation requirements, poor stability to repeated actuation, slow response times, and/or complicated fabrication. [9,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Indeed, the engineering of devices and systems with tandem adaptive functionality across a broad spectral window (i.e., encompassing the visible, near-IR, short-wavelength IR, mid-wavelength IR, and long-wavelength IR) has proven challenging, in part because of the order of magnitude difference in the length scales associated with the propagation of visible and long-wavelength IR light. Consequently, there exists an impetus for the development of advanced multimodal camouflage platforms, which can present new scientific and technological opportunities across multiple fields.Some of the most prominent and impressive examples of soft, deformable systems that can reversibly and precisely change their appearance are found in nature-they are animals called coleoid cephalopods, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] such as the Japetella heathi pelagic octopus (Figure 1A) [28] and the Taonius borealis glass squid ( Figure 1B). [29,30] These animals are capable of stunning feats of concealment, which include changing the transparency of their bodies by means of a sophisticated skin architecture that controls the transmission, absorption, and reflection of light ( Figure 1C). [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] In its most general form, the skin consists of multiple layers containing pigmented sizechanging organs called chromatophores, [33][34][35] typically narrowband-reflecting cells called iridophores, [36][37][38] and broadbandreflecting cells called leucophores [39][40][41] (Figure 1C). Although their precise arrangement and optical functionalities tend to Soft, mechanically deformable materials and systems that can, on demand, manipulate light propagation within both the visible and infrared (IR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are desirable for applications that include sensing, optoelectronics, robotics, energy conservation, and thermal management. However, the development of such technologies remains exceptionally difficult, with relatively few examples reported to date. Herein, this challenge is addressed by engineering ceph...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Cephalopod‐Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems

Escobar

Gorodetsky

2020

Advanced Materials

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“…Reproduced with permission. [ 102 ] Copyright 2019, Nature Publishing Group. B) Schematic and confocal fluorescent microscopy images of the dynamical IR‐gating textile switching between the open state (tight yarn) to close state (loose yarn) by the temperature and humidity, and a photograph of a fabric knitted from the bimorph fibers.…”

Section: Advanced Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[100] In nature, creatures such elytra of longhorn beetles and the blue skin of the mandrill possess special structures on their skins to decrease their skin temperature to adapt to a hot environment. [101][102][103][104] However, it is challenging to simultaneously effective control the thermal emission in the IR spectrum while maintaining substantial visible colors of textiles. This is because most organic chemical bonds in textiles or dyes strongly absorb the human-body thermal radiation, leading to low transmittance and high emissivity of the textiles.…”

Section: Colored Textilementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Liu

Shin

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

376

242

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us warm in cold climates and shielded us from the nakedness for modesty and civilization. [1,2] Cloth is also a platform for artists, designers, and tailors to advance the clothing demands with emerging materials, process, and fashion. [2] While the majority of the functionalities of clothes lie in their physical attributes, such as their softness, breathability, air/ vapor permeability, and, of course the appearance, their role in thermal management is equally, if not more, important. The primary goal of clothing is to satisfy human being's basic needs in thermal comfort, by providing cooling in the hot environment or heating in the cold environment. [1] The energy management aspect of clothing is becoming an increasingly important and attractive aspect due to our increasing awareness to energy consumption and our persisting pursuit of comfort and health. The finite availability and the associated environmental consequence of fossil fuels have motivated us to save energy from virtually all aspects of our daily lives. A suitable thermal envelop is a necessity for our living and working. To create a comfortable indoor environment, the building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are widely used for space cooling and heating at the expense of excessive energy consumption. [3][4][5][6] According to United States In this decade, the demands of energy saving and diverse personal thermoregulation requirements along with the emergence of wearable electronics and smart textiles give rise to the resurgence of personal thermal management (PTM) technologies. PTM, including personal cooling, heating, insulation, and thermoregulation, are far more flexible and extensive than the traditional air/liquid cooling garments for the human body. Concomitantly, many new advanced materials and strategies have emerged in this decade, promoting the thermoregulation performance and the wearing comfort of PTM simultaneously. In this review, an overview is presented of the state-ofthe-art and the prospects in this burgeoning field. The emerging materials and strategies of PTM are introduced, and classed by their thermal functions. The concept of infrared-transparent visible-opaque fabric (ITVOF) is first highlighted, as it triggers the work on advanced PTM by combining it with radiative cooling, and the corresponding implementations and realizations are subsequently introduced, followed by wearable heaters, flexible thermoelectric devices, and sweat-management Janus textiles. Finally, critical considerations on the challenges and opportunities of PTM are presented and future directions are identified, including thermally conductive polymers and fibers, physiological/psychological statistical analysis, and smart PTM strategies.

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“…When comparing different conventional blankets, e.g., space blankets, bubble wrap, blizzard blankets, ambulance blankets and ready heat blankets, Zasa et al observed that all tested tools significantly reduced heat loss but could not completely compensate for the temperature deficit [4]. Contrarily, Leung et al observed an increase in skin temperature of approximately 1 • C, when measured with a thermal camera aimed at a forearm wrapped in a rescue blanket [5]. Allen et al performed an experimental study on a fluid torso model and observed diminished temperature loss when applying passive warming devices such as space blankets [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescue Blankets-Transmission and Reflectivity of Electromagnetic Radiation

Kranebitter¹,

Wallner

Klinger³

et al. 2020

Coatings

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Rescue blankets are medical devices made of a polyethylene terephthalate sheet coated with a thin aluminum layer. Blankets are used for protection against hypothermia in prehospital emergency medicine and outdoor sports, but totally different qualities are typical for these multi-functional tools. On the one hand, rescue sheets prevent hypothermia by reducing thermo-convection and diminishing heat loss from evaporation and thermal radiation. On the other hand, the sheets promote cooling by acting as a radiant barrier, by providing shade and even by increasing heat conduction when the sheet is in direct contact with the skin. As foils are watertight and windproof, they can function as vapor barriers and even as stopgap bivouac sacks. We evaluated three experimental studies, one on heat loss by rescue blankets according to surface color, one on transparency with ultraviolet radiation, high-energy visible light and visible light, and one on infrared radiation from rescue blankets. When evaluating the effects of different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum on rescue sheets, we focused on ultraviolet radiation (200–380 nm), high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band (380–450 nm), visible light (380–760 nm) and infrared radiation (7500–13,500 nm). Rescue sheets transmit between 1% and 8% of visible light and about 1% of ultraviolet B radiation (280–315 nm), providing sufficient transparency and adequate protection from snow blindness. Reflection of visible light increases detectability in search and rescue missions performed in good visibility conditions, while reflection of infrared radiation increases detectability in poor visibility conditions and provides protection against hypothermia.

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A dynamic thermoregulatory material inspired by squid skin

Cited by 134 publications

References 38 publications

Stretchable Cephalopod‐Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems

Stretchable Cephalopod‐Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Rescue Blankets-Transmission and Reflectivity of Electromagnetic Radiation

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