A dynamic thermal model for heating microalgae incubator ponds using off-gas

Modeling and Evaluation of CO2 Supply and Utilization in Algal Ponds

“…In the sequel, these two cases will be referred to as CO 2 fixation and CO 2 removal, respectively. For both cases, the sparging of gas is modelled in the same way, assuming that it takes place at the bottom of part of or the whole pond through orifices, similar to the approach assumed by Shang et al for studying heat supply to algal ponds through waste gas flows 16 . This current work assumes a constant temperature of the pond (20°C) and focuses on the supply of CO 2 only.…”

“…The composition of the influent wastewater was set according to [18]. The diameter and number of orifices are the same as adopted in [16]. Although the above definitions were not exactly based on a specific physical prototype, the nominal case does refer to a possible algal pond that follows an anaerobic digestion unit, which generates effluent flow at 50m 3 /day and up to 50 m 3 /h biogas.…”

Mixotrophic Algae Cultivation for Energy Production and Other Applications

“…These include: (1) a potential for genetic manipulation of metabolic pathways for increased production of specific metabolites (lipids, starch, polymers, and high-value compounds) (Garcia et al 2005;Rosenberg et al 2008);) (2) a wide array of configurations for algae cultivation such as low cost production in open ponds or closed bioreactor systems (of interest especially for cold climate countries) (Shang et al 2010). (3) less pressure on water resources compared to land crops; (4) and utilization of wastewater as a resource with the simultaneous removal of nutrients (nitrates, ammonia and phosphates or salt water) and toxic metal (Christenson and Sims 2011;Bhatnagar et al 2011;Wang et al 2012).…”

Minimizing leakage from a smelter off-gas system by enhanced control

“…Smelters in particular also generate high levels of off-gases that contain a significant quantity of waste heat that in many cases is dissipated into the environment without any recovery. Smelter off-gases can also contain high levels of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (Shang et al, 2010). There is, therefore, not surprisingly very significant focus being placed by the industry as a whole to help improve their environmental impact by looking at implementing cleaner production technologies (Hilson, 2000(Hilson, , 2003.…”

“…This includes looking at life cycle modeling to define all environmental impacts (Durucan et al, 2006), greenhouse gas emissions (Norgate and Haque, 2010) and improved energy management (Gunson et al, 2010). In terms of energy management, there is for example, interest in capturing and reusing both off-gas heat and the carbon dioxide to enhance microalgae production of renewable biofuels (Shang et al, 2010).…”