A dynamic theoretical framework of gradual institutional changes

Koreh, Michal; Mandelkern, Ronen; Shpaizman, Ilana

doi:10.1111/padm.12592

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This argument is closer to the logic of drift that would suggest that policy makers gradually kept interpreting the laws differently because of the ambiguities inherent in them. This is similar to Israel's turn towards private sector job settlements for immigrants (Koreh et al 2019). This paper also deploys the logic of drift to explain the case of India's move towards centralizing financial allocations to the sub-national states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The drift towards privatized job placement in Israel occurred despite the Employment Security Act (1958), which was pursuing the goal of full employment with immigrants. The Ministry of Labor Welfare did not receive any additional budget despite the boom in immigrants between 1980 and 1985 (Koreh et al 2019). Similarly, Hacker (2004) tells a story regarding how the idea of giving private health companies preference allowed the American healthcare system to drift towards greater emphasis on private companies.…”

Section: Policy Paradigm and The Drift Model (Ppdm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policy paradigms and path dependence: the endogenous roots of institutional displacement and drift in India

Mukherji

Zarhani

2021

GPPG

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This paper demonstrates the impact of path-dependent policy paradigms on institutional progression. This could involve institutional journeys from democracy to authoritarianism, from federalism to centralization, and vice versa. First, we posit that policy ideas are more important than material interests for the evolution of historical paths. Second, the sequence of path construction is equally important. This paper points to the significance of policy ideas for the construction of two sequences-a layering-tipping-displacement path-and a path of institutional drift. Our case work describes how the layered evolution of ideas led to a tipping point that transformed a public sector-driven regime into a private sector oriented one in 1991, thereby unleashing India's rapid economic growth. The causal mechanism suggests that layering leading to a tipping point that displaces the old paradigm can reveal why overtly abrupt change may result from gradual endogenous processes. This is a largely unexplored causal mechanism in comparative politics. The paper also demonstrates that an ideational drift away from the federalising frame evolved since 2014. It has resulted in famishing the Indian sub-national states for development expenditure, especially at the time of COVID-19. Scholars have suggested the causal logic behind conversion, drift, layering and displacement largely based on material factors. This paper connects ideas embedded in policy paradigms with two of these paths.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Policy Paradigm and The Drift Model (Ppdm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy paradigms and path dependence: the endogenous roots of institutional displacement and drift in India

Mukherji

Zarhani

2021

GPPG

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“…This involves two mutually reinforcing tracks along multiple phases: (1) founding a 'carbon-pricing coalition' among the most ambitious nations to implement a uniform carbon price, as either a carbon tax (Nordhaus, 2015) or emissions trading through carbon markets (Keohane et al, 2017); and (2) reorienting UN intergovernmental climate change negotiations (referred to hereafter as 'UNFCCC negotiations') to a focus on global carbon pricing. The guiding principle behind the multiphase structure is that, if one cannot reach a political goal immediately, a gradual, step-wise procedure should be tried out (Kern & Rogge, 2018;Koreh et al, 2019). The focus on carbon pricing is motivated by the fact that it is already applied in many countries (Haites, 2018), is an effective but not overly invasive instrument for emissions reduction (Best et al, 2020), can be easily compared and harmonized among countries/jurisdictions, can be gradually strengthened over time, potentially improves negotiation outcomes by moderating freeriding and fear of competitiveness losses, and automatically generates revenues, which can be used for multiple purposes, including compensation of low-income households and countries (see Table A1 in the Appendix for a more complete list of strengths and additional references).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dual-track transition to global carbon pricing

et al. 2020

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Unilateral climate policies have been unable to achieve intended emissions reductions. We argue that international harmonization of climate policy beyond the Paris Agreement is the only way forward and that global carbon pricing, either through a tax or market, is the best available instrument to manage this. A foundation has already been laid, as current carbon pricing initiatives cover about 20% of global CO 2 emissions. Since it limits free-riding by countries/jurisdictions, global carbon pricing is, in principle, behaviourally easier to negotiate than other instruments, such as emission targets or technical standards. To overcome political resistance, we propose a dynamic strategy consisting of two parallel tracks and five transition phases. The first track entails assembly of a carbon-pricing coalition that expands over time and exerts moral and economic pressure on non-members to join. The second track involves refocusing UN intergovernmental climate change negotiations on carbon pricing, potentially involving initially heterogeneous prices reflecting distinct income levels of countries, which then gradually converge. The dual tracks are designed to reinforce one another, increasing the likelihood of a successful outcome. The proposal results in a transition trajectory consisting of two interactive tracks and five phases, with specific attention to inequity within and among countries. We illustrate how such an approach could function with either a carbon tax or market. Key policy insights. International harmonization of climate policies is required to achieve the deep cuts in emissions needed to meet the Paris Agreement's 2°C or 1.5°C target.. A focus on carbon pricingeither through taxation or emissions tradinghas multiple strengths: it can be easily compared and harmonized among countries; it can be gradually strengthened over time; it moderates freeriding and fear of competitiveness losses; and it automatically generates revenues to compensate low-income households and countries.

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“…Second, it has distinguished between positive feedback (that strengthens a policy) and negative feedback (that weakens it) and explored the conditions under which each is more or less likely (Jacobs and Weaver 2015;Oberlander and Weaver 2015;Pierson 2004;Weaver 2010). More recently, there has been a renewed interest in the role of agency (Koreh et al 2019;Sewerin et al 2020), related to the role that actors play in the social construction of feedback (Dagan and Teles 2015;Oberlander and Weaver 2015, p. 58) and its intentional creation (Jordan and Matt 2014, p. 233;Jordan and Moore 2020;Haelg et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disaggregating the dependent variable in policy feedback research: an analysis of the EU Emissions Trading System

Moore

Jordan

2020

Policy Sci

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The literature on policy dynamics has long argued for a better conceptualization and measurement of the dependent variable ("policy"), but this fundamental point has often been neglected in the policy feedback literature. In this paper, we explore how far disaggregating policy into different elements (policy instruments, objectives, and settings) addresses this gap. We do so by examining the world's largest market-based climate policy instrumentemissions trading in the European Union-and reveal a number of valuable new insights. First, even if positive policy feedback locks in a policy instrument, actor contestation does not disappear, but narrows down to the more detailed level of policy settings. Second, feedback may operate differently at each policy level: the policy instrument and its settings may strengthen at the same time as support for broader objectives weakens. Finally, positive feedback may simultaneously strengthen opposing actors' support for multiple policy elements, leading to a form of "policy stability by stalemate." These findings highlight the need for a new, interdisciplinary phase of policy feedback research that more fully disaggregates the dependent variable across a wider range of policy areas and policy instrument types. Policy scientists are well equipped to contribute to and benefit from such a debate.

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A dynamic theoretical framework of gradual institutional changes

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Policy paradigms and path dependence: the endogenous roots of institutional displacement and drift in India

Policy paradigms and path dependence: the endogenous roots of institutional displacement and drift in India

A dual-track transition to global carbon pricing

Disaggregating the dependent variable in policy feedback research: an analysis of the EU Emissions Trading System

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