A Dynamic Spatial Panel of Subnational GHG Emissions: Environmental Effectiveness of Emissions Taxes in Spanish Regions

Giménez, Jaime Vallés; Zárate‐Marco, Anabel

doi:10.3390/su12072872

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As for economic policies for controlling CO 2 emissions, it has been proven that emissions taxes are effective tools for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions [ 26 ]. Measurement models developed by the methodology of the paper can be used to analyze the results of such policies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Models for Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors of Passenger Cars Considering Characteristics of Roads and Traffic

Zhang

Chen

2021

IJERPH

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In order to effectively control carbon dioxide emissions of motorized vehicles, it is very important to measure their carbon dioxide emission factors. The objective of this paper was to develop measurement models for the carbon dioxide emission factors of passenger cars. Road systems of downtown areas of four typical Chinese counties were explored and 12 types of basic road networks were recognized and defined. With PTV Vissim, microscopic traffic simulation models were set up for every type of basic road network, average speeds of the simulated cars were collected, and carbon dioxide emissions were calculated using MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) software. For model development, the paper put forth two compound explanatory variables: the weighted average of segment lengths and the sum of critical ratios of volume to saturation flow rate. Six functional relationships for the variables were tested and the double exponential function was proven to be the most appropriate. Finally, for each of the 12 types of basic road networks, a measurement model for carbon dioxide emission factors was calibrated using the double exponential function for the variables. The measurement models can be used to estimate the carbon dioxide emissions of passenger cars concerning potential improvement schemes impacting traffic demand and/or traffic supply.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Models for Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors of Passenger Cars Considering Characteristics of Roads and Traffic

Zhang

Chen

2021

IJERPH

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“…Subscripts i and t represent the province and year, respectively. Vallés and Zárate [46] suggested that the environmental issues needed to be considered from a dynamic perspective, as pollutants in one year depend on the previous year's emissions. The dynamic panel data model reflects the dynamic lag effect by introducing the lag dependent variables.…”

Section: Spatial Convergence Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Differences in the Spatial Characteristics and Dynamic Convergence of Environmental Efficiency in China

Tao

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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This study uses the undesirable output and super-efficiency slacks-based measure combined with window (WIN-US-SBM) data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the environmental efficiency (EE) in 30 Chinese provinces, from 2005 to 2016, explores regional differences in the EE, and uses the dynamic spatial Durbin model (DSDM) to analyze regional differences in effects of important factors on the convergence of EE. It reveals that EE in the eastern area is higher than EE in the central and western areas, and a positive spatial autocorrelation exists in the interregional EE. The difference in provincial EE gradually narrows over time and tends to converge to its own steady-state level. Economic growth reduces EE for the central and western areas and improves efficiency for the eastern area; economic growth from surrounding areas indirectly promotes local EE for the eastern area. Foreign direct investment (FDI) promotes EE in the eastern and central areas, and FDI in the adjacent areas has a positive effect on local EE for the eastern area. Export reduces EE for all areas, and export in surrounding areas indirectly promotes local EE for the central area. Industrialization reduces EE in the western area, and industrialization in the surrounding areas increases local EE for the eastern area. Energy efficiency promotes EE for the central area, urbanization increases EE for the central area, and urbanization of the surrounding areas reduces local EE for the eastern area.

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“…This narrative describes a future with medium challenges to mitigation and adaptation [26]. Load factor (passengers per vehicle) and door-to-door speed are derived from the GCAM [27] and vehicle cost and energy intensity are taken from the AIM/Enduse model [22]. GDP and population assumption are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Basic Socioeconomic and Technological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technological feasibility of achieving a 50% reduction of global GHG emissions by 2050 is also proved, where carbon capture and storage, cleaner power generation, and biofuel account for 64% of the total GHG emission reduction [21]. Vallés-Giménez et al [22] studied the effectiveness of environmental taxes in Spanish regions by using panel data and found environmental taxes can be a slight disincentive to generate emissions, while tougher measures are needed to meet EU commitments. Kishimoto et al [23] employed an integrated assessment model in China and found carbon price policy and a stringent emission standard are effective strategies for addressing air pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Key Factors to Reduce Transport-Related Air Pollutants and CO2 Emissions in Asia

et al. 2020

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Asian countries are major contributors to global air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, with transportation demand and emissions expected to increase. However, few studies have been performed to evaluate policies that could reduce transport-related emissions in the region. This study explores transport-related CO2 and air pollutant emissions in major Asian nations along with the impacts of transport, climate, and emission control policies using the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM)/Transport model. Our results show that by 2050, CO2 emissions in developing countries will be 1.4–4.7-fold greater than the levels in 2005, while most air pollutant emissions will show large reductions (mean annual reduction rates of 0.2% to 6.1%). Notably, implementation of transport, emission control, and carbon pricing policies would reduce CO2 emissions by up to 33% and other air pollutants by 43% to 72%, depending on the emission species. An emission control policy represents the strongest approach for short-term and mid-term reduction of air pollutants. A carbon pricing policy would lead to a direct reduction in CO2 emissions; more importantly, air pollutant emissions would also be effectively reduced. Shifting to public transportation in developing countries can also greatly influence emissions reductions. An increase in traffic speed shows relatively small effects, but can be meaningful in Japan.

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A Dynamic Spatial Panel of Subnational GHG Emissions: Environmental Effectiveness of Emissions Taxes in Spanish Regions

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Measurement Models for Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors of Passenger Cars Considering Characteristics of Roads and Traffic

Measurement Models for Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors of Passenger Cars Considering Characteristics of Roads and Traffic

Regional Differences in the Spatial Characteristics and Dynamic Convergence of Environmental Efficiency in China

Identification of Key Factors to Reduce Transport-Related Air Pollutants and CO2 Emissions in Asia

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