“…Therefore, a variety of improved DP algorithms have been extensively used (Zhao et al, 2014), such as Discrete Differential Dynamic Programming (DDDP) (Heidari et al, 1971;Chow et al, 1975;Liao and Shoemaker, 1991;Tospornsampan et al, 2005), Incremental Dynamic Programming (IDP) (Mathlouthi and Lebdi, 2009), Dynamic Programming with Successive Approximation (DPSA) (Larson and Korsak, 1970;Opan, 2011), Incremental Dynamic Programming and Successive Approximations (IDPSA) (Trott and Yeh, 1973), Progressive Optimality Algorithm (POA) (Turgeon, 1981;Cheng et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2013), and so on. These improved DP algorithms have effectively avoided the ''curse of dimensionality'' problem.…”