A Dynamic One-Equation Subgrid Model for Simulation of Flow around a Square Cylinder

Esfahani, Ahmad Sohankar; Davidson, Lars; Norberg, C.

doi:10.1016/b978-008043328-8/50021-7

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…5,[7][8][9] Both the development and validation of subgrid-scale (SGS) models require comparison with experimental data. 10,11 Accordingly, experimental studies can be of great importance in both advancing turbulence theory and in the development and validation of CFD micromixing models. The primary objective of this work is to implement state-of-the-art experimental techniques to validate CFD models for turbulent mixing in a well-defined flow geometry: a confined planar-jet reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of turbulent mixing in a confined planar‐jet reactor

et al. 2005

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of turbulent mixing in a confined planar‐jet reactor

et al. 2005

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“…One key component of a successful CFD model is the model used to characterize turbulent mixing at the microscale 5, 7–9. Both the development and validation of subgrid‐scale (SGS) models require comparison with experimental data 10, 11. Accordingly, experimental studies can be of great importance in both advancing turbulence theory and in the development and validation of CFD micromixing models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous expression of SNAP‐25 and synaptic vesicle proteins by central and peripheral inputs to sympathetic neurons

Gibbins

Jobling

Teo

et al. 2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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Neurons in prevertebral sympathetic ganglia receive convergent synaptic inputs from peripheral enteric neurons in addition to inputs from spinal preganglionic neurons. Although all inputs are functionally cholinergic, inputs from these two sources have distinctive neurochemical and functional profiles. We used multiple-labeling immunofluorescence, quantitative confocal microscopy, ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, and intracellular electrophysiologic recordings to examine whether populations of inputs to the guinea pig coeliac ganglion express different levels of synaptic proteins that could influence synaptic strength. Boutons of enteric intestinofugal inputs, identified by immunoreactivity to vasoactive intestinal peptide, showed considerable heterogeneity in their immunoreactivity to synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), synapsin, synaptophysin, choline acetyltransferase, and vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Mean levels of immunoreactivity to these proteins were significantly lower in terminals of intestinofugal inputs compared with terminals of spinal preganglionic inputs. Nevertheless, many boutons with undetectable levels of SNAP-25 immunoreactivity formed morphologically normal synapses with target neurons. Treatment with botulinum neurotoxin type A (20-50 nM for 2 hours in vitro) generated significant cleavage of SNAP-25 and produced similar dose- and time-dependent inhibitions of synaptic transmission from all classes of inputs, regardless of their mean level of SNAP-25 expression. The simplest interpretation of these results is that only synaptic boutons with detectable levels of SNAP-25 immunoreactivity contribute significantly to fast cholinergic transmission. Consequently, the low synaptic strength of intestinofugal inputs to final motor neurons in sympathetic pathways may be due in part to the low proportion of their boutons that express SNAP-25 and other synaptic proteins.

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“…The first model was developed by Davidson [1] (OEM). This model has also successfully been applied to fully developed channel flow [9] and vortex shedding flow around square cylinders [16]. The modeled transport equation for the subgrid kinetic energy, k sgs , reads …”

Section: Subgrid Models and Their Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%