A dynamic model for the interaction between a solid particle and an advancing solid/liquid interface

Catalina, Adrian V.; Mukherjee, Sundeep; Stefanescu, Doru M.

doi:10.1007/s11661-000-0200-5

Cited by 69 publications

(73 citation statements)

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“…Hence, dynamic models that take into account the transient nature of the process are used to describe particle engulfment and pushing. [12,21,25,26] However, the existing dynamic models do not take into account the effect of liquid convection ahead of the S/L interface. This effect will be incorporated in the present model by evaluating the lift forces due to liquid convection.…”

Section: Incorporation Of the Lift Forces In A Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only recently, the transient nature of the interaction between the S/L interface and the particle has been treated analytically. [12] However, the complications arising from the liquid convection ahead of the S/L interface are ignored in these models.A high level of liquid convection induces some additional forces, which prevent particle-S/L interface interaction and increase the difficulty in the understanding of the physics of particle engulfment and pushing. Three principal lifting mechanisms have been identified as (1) random velocity components greater than the terminal velocity of the particles, (2) Saffman force due to relative translation velocity of the particle and velocity gradient in the liquid, and (3) Magnus force because of rotation of the particle and velocity gradient in the liquid.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Liquid convection effects on the pushing-engulfment transition of insoluble particles by a solidifying interface: Part I. Analytical calculation of the lift forces

Mukherjee

Stefanescu

2004

Metall Mater Trans A

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During the solidification of a liquid containing insoluble particles, the particles can be instantaneously engulfed, or continuously pushed, or pushed and subsequently engulfed. A critical velocity for the pushing-engulfment transition is observed experimentally. Most models proposed to date ignore the complications arising from the liquid convection ahead of the solid-liquid interface. They simply solve the balance between the attractive drag force exercised by the liquid on the particle and the repulsive interfacial force. This work is an effort to calculate analytically the lift forces (Saffman and Magnus forces) under certain assumptions regarding the nature of fluid flow ahead of the solid/ liquid interface. This makes possible the quantitative evaluation of the three experimentally observed regimes occurring during particle-interface interaction: (1) at low convection-no effect on the critical velocity for the particle engulfment transition; (2) at intermediate convection-increased critical velocity; (3) at high convection-no particle-interface interaction. The model was applied to evaluate the gravity level required for microgravity experimental work on particle pushing where the effect of liquid convection during solidification is negligible. This is necessary to validate existing theoretical models that do not take into account fluid flow parallel to the solidification interface. I. BACKGROUNDTHE phenomenon of interaction of particles with solidliquid (S/L) interfaces has been studied since the mid-1960s. While the original interest stemmed from geology applications (frost heaving in soil), researchers soon realized that understanding particle behavior at solidifying interfaces might yield practical benefits in other fields, including metallurgy. The issue is the location of particles with respect to grain boundaries at the end of solidification. A considerable amount of experimental and theoretical research was lately focused on applications to metal matrix composites produced by casting or spray forming techniques. Another application of particle-S/L interface interaction is in the growing of Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-8 superconductor crystals from an undercooled liquid. The oxide melt contains Y 2 Ba 1 Cu 1 O 5 precipitates, which act as flux pinning sites. The distribution of theses precipitates is crucial for the current density carrying ability of ceramic superconductors. Yet another application of particle-S/L interface interaction is in inclusion management in steel. As for most other metallurgical applications, it is desired to avoid inclusion segregation at grain boundaries.The experimental evidence on transparent organic materials, [1] recent in-situ observations on steel, [2] as well as low-gravity experiments on aluminum-zirconia composites [3] demonstrate that there exists a critical velocity of the planar S/L interface at which a pushing-to-engulfment transition (PET) of particles occurs. Below the critical velocity, the particles are pushed ahead of the S/L interface, and above it, particle engul...

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Section: Incorporation Of the Lift Forces In A Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid convection effects on the pushing-engulfment transition of insoluble particles by a solidifying interface: Part I. Analytical calculation of the lift forces

Mukherjee

Stefanescu

2004

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…For many years, the engulfment of an isolated single particle into the solid is considered to comprehend the basic physics behind the phenomenon, named isolated single particle models. [8][9][10][11] However, since colloidal suspensions consist of a great number of particles, the most common phenomena include a layer of particles building up against the interface. [12][13][14][15] All of the isolated single particle models failed in describing the interactions between the interface and the concentrated layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ observation the interface undercooling of freezing colloidal suspensions with differential visualization method

You

Wang

et al. 2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Abstract:Interface undercooling is one of the most significant parameters in the solidification of colloidal suspensions. However, quantitative measurement of interface undercooling of colloidal suspensions is still a challenge. Here, a new experimental facility and gauging method are designed to directly reveal the interface undercooling on both static and dynamic cases. The interface undercooling is visualized through the discrepancy of solid/liquid interface positions between the suspensions and its solvent in a thermal gradient apparatus. The resolutions of the experimental facility and gauging method are proved to be 0.01K. The high precision of the method comes from the principle of converting temperature measurement into distance measurement in the thermal gradient platform. Moreover, both static and dynamic interface undercooling can be quantitatively measured.

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“…Previous particle distribution simulation at microscopic scale mainly focused on the condition of unidirectional solidification and planar S/L interface, most of which studied the interaction process between sole or several particles and solidification interface. [6][7][8][9] Ode et al 10) used phase field model to study particle/interface problem and critical velocity for pushing/engulfment transition for the system of Fe-C alloys and a silica particle. Under the common solidification condition, equiaxed dendritic structure is often occurred during the solidification of the SiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Microstructure of Al-Si/SiCp Composites during Stir Casting Process with Particle Pushing Model

Li¹,

Xu²,

Li³

et al. 2006

ISIJ Int.

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Particle distribution has vital influence on the microstructure and the final performance of particle reinforced metal matrix composite. The formation of microstructure of SiC particle reinforced Al-7.0mass%Si composite made by stir casting was simulated in this paper. Two-dimensional models under normal solidification condition including macro heat transfer, micro nucleation, equiaxed dendrite growth and particle pushing were presented. Two sets of meshes were used to carry out macro and micro calculation, respectively. A modified cellular automaton method coupled with finite difference method was used to simulate the evolution of the composite microstructure. In addition, the effects of SiC particle volume fraction, different casting processes, pouring temperature and cooling rate on the composite microstructure and the particles distribution were analyzed. The simulated results can clearly show the particle clustering/accumulation phenomenon caused by particle pushing. The calculated cooling curve and final predicted microstructure are in good agreement with the experimental results. Grain size is smaller for metal mould casting than sand mould casting. With the increase of SiC particle volume fraction or cooling rate, the grains of the matrix alloy are refined and particles are distributed more uniformly. As the pouring temperature increases, particles are distributed more uniformly.

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A dynamic model for the interaction between a solid particle and an advancing solid/liquid interface

Cited by 69 publications

References 13 publications

Liquid convection effects on the pushing-engulfment transition of insoluble particles by a solidifying interface: Part I. Analytical calculation of the lift forces

Liquid convection effects on the pushing-engulfment transition of insoluble particles by a solidifying interface: Part I. Analytical calculation of the lift forces

In situ observation the interface undercooling of freezing colloidal suspensions with differential visualization method

Numerical Simulation of Microstructure of Al-Si/SiCp Composites during Stir Casting Process with Particle Pushing Model

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