A Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) growth model for Pacific oyster larvae, Crassostrea gigas

Abstract

Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory aims to quantify the energetic framework of an individual organism as a dynamic model, from the uptake of food to its utilisation in metabolic processes (maintenance, growth, development and reproduction). The purpose of the present paper is to extend the existing DEB model for adult Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas to the larval life stage of this species. We present the application of generic DEB theory to oyster larvae, with the formulation of the specific assumptions based on the characteristics of this stage. The model depends on seawater temperature and food density, as forcing variables, followed throughout the whole larval development. We calculated DEB parameter values for larvae by means of laboratory experiments specifically designed to collect datasets on ingestion and growth at different levels of phytoplankton density and temperature. The DEB model developed here showed good growth simulations and provided an extensive description of the energetic needs of C. gigas during its larval stage. It was demonstrated that, at 27 °C, a food density of 1400 µm 3 µl − 1 must be maintained throughout larval development to maximise growth and metamorphosis success. Timing of metamorphosis decreases exponentially with increasing temperature.

Larval and Post-Larval Stages of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Are Resistant to Elevated CO2

“…Alternatively, during the 16 days of exposure to deceased external pH the larvae may have developed physiological strategies to allocate extra energy for pH homeostasis at decreased pH external environments without compromising calcification and development. Nevertheless, to understand larval energy allocation and to predict changes across life stages in responding to environmental stressors, dynamic energy budget (DEB) models have been developed for several marine species [71] including the C. gigas larvae [45]. In the future, these models may provide predictions of where and when individuals within a population will flourish or perish under decreased pH.…”

“…This relatively large-scale (40 L) larval culture system was appropriate to mimic aquaculture hatchery conditions as closely as possible, to get a sufficient number of larvae for various measurements during this relatively long-term (>45 days) experiment and to minimize the considerable larval mortality often experienced in hatchery conditions [35]. During the first 7 days, the early veliger larvae were fed daily ad libitum with the monoculture of live small flagellate Isochrysis galbana at the final concentration of 5×10 5 cells ml −1 [45]. After 7 days (including the late larval and post-settlement growth periods), animals were cultured using similar methods, but were fed with a mixture of live I. galbana and Chaetoceros gracilis (late veliger, 5×10 5 cells ml −1 algal mixture I. galbana and C. gracilis in 8∶2 ratio, twice daily; pediveliger, 8×10 5 cells ml −1 , 1∶1 ratio, twice daily; juvenile 10×10 5 cells ml −1 , 1∶1 ratio, once daily).…”

Recruitment of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in a shellfish-exploited Mediterranean lagoon: discovery, driving factors and a favorable environmental window

“…gigas has been widely studied all over the world, and its life history (reproduction, larval cycle and re cruitment phase) has been relatively well described in both controlled environments (Fabioux et al 2005, Enriquez-Diaz et al 2009, Rico-Villa et al 2010) and coastal tidal ecosystems (Dutertre et al 2010, Thomas et al 2016, Bernard et al 2016. Fewer studies have been conducted in nanotidal environments such as Mediterranean lagoons (Tagliapietra & Ghirardini 2006).…”

Developmental energetics of zebrafish, Danio rerio

“…Maturity is quantified as the cumulated energy invested in development. Although the standard DEB model has been applied to a wide variety of animals (Zonneveld and Kooijman, 1993;van der Veer et al, 2010;Bodiguel et al, 2009;Flye-Sainte-Marie et al, 2009;Pecquerie et al, 2009;Rico-Villa et al, 2010), tests that the parameters for the embryo, juvenile and adult are all the same are relatively rare Lika et al, 2011). We collected a number of detailed studies on the growth, reproduction and ageing of zebrafish, and we also did a growth-and-reproduction experiment at three feeding levels, to estimate the parameters of the standard DEB model and judge if the full life cycle could be captured with a single set of parameter values.…”