A Dynamic and Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm in Large-Scale Mobile Sensor Networks

Abstract

Random mobility and energy constraint are two main factors affecting system performance in mobile sensor networks, which cause many difficulties to system design. It is necessary to develop high-efficiency algorithms and protocols for mobile sensor networks to adapt to dynamic network environment and energy limitation. In this paper, a new clustering algorithm based on residual energy difference ratio is presented to improve system performance. Firstly, it is an energy-efficient algorithm. The residual energy of sensor nodes and average residual energy of system are considered in the residual energy difference ratio, which effectively avoid the nodes with low residual energy being selected as cluster heads. An energy-optimal scheme is used in cluster formation phase to minimize energy consumption. Secondly, it is a dynamic algorithm. The system dynamically clusters the sensor nodes according to the data transmission delays. It makes the whole system adapt to the random mobility of sensor nodes. The NS2 software is used to simulate the new clustering algorithm. The simulation experiments can verify the validity of the proposed theory.

Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer

“…The nodes are sorted into different sets in accordance with their distance to the BS, thereby ensuring that CHs are uniformly distributed over the network. Ma et al [9] proposed a clustering algorithm based on the residual energy of the node and the network. Nodes with less residual energy have lower chances to be selected as CH.…”

Secure Cluster-Head Selection Algorithm Using Pattern for Wireless Mobile Sensor Networks

“…With the rapid and historic advancement in communication technologies over the last two decades, the Wireless Sensor Networks are matured enough as a capable tool for monitoring the physical world [15]. These networks consist of hundreds or even thousands of autonomous micro devices called "motes" or simply sensor nodes with some sensing, processing and communicating capabilities.…”

Sink mobility aware energy-efficient network integrated super heterogeneous protocol for WSNs

“…Routing protocols play a key role in achieving longer network lifetime. To achieve fault tolerance, usually, WSNs consist of hundreds or even thousands of sensor nodes [3][4][5]. WSNs are used in a variety of applications such as military surveillance, patient monitoring, environmental monitoring, traffic transportation, and vibration monitoring [6].…”

“…On the other hand, in heterogeneous environments, LEACH and HEED are unable to discriminate between nodes with high energy (that is, they have a longer lifetime) and nodes which posses low energy (die more quickly). On the other hand, clustering protocols for heterogeneous environments are efficiently designed to tackle heterogeneity in the network [4,5]. Smaragdakis et al [11] proposed a Stable Election Protocol (SEP) for two-level heterogeneous WSNs.…”