A dynamic 3-D model of ocular motion

Lockwood-Cooke, Pamela; Martin, Clyde F.; Schovanec, Lawrence

doi:10.1109/cdc.1999.832810

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Figure 3 displays the comparison between muscle model response in fibre direction and experimental data. The muscle density is assumed to be 1870 kg/m 3 as stated by Lockwood-Cooke et al 1999 . Additionally, since available data for EOM pretension is limited, we assume pretension in rectus muscles to be 80mN.…”

Section: Materials Properties and Mechanical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Active Eye Motion Using Finite Element Modelling

Karami

Eghtesad

2018

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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Dynamic simulation of human eye movements can significantly improve our understanding about the visuomotor system and also may be used for clinical applications. In this study we have developed a 3D finite element model of the eye orbit. The major novel issues which are considered in this work are using dynamic finite element method for properly mass distribution modelling during simulation and active motion simulation by employing muscle activation parameter. In this modelling, extraocular muscles are modelled using a continuum constitutive hyper-elastic energy function. Simulation results of force duction and active motion are presented and compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy and reliability of the proposed modelling. Then, orbital fat deformation during eye motion is studied through various simulations and compared with experimental results. Finally, the proposed eye model and available experimental data are exploited to investigate more details about eye suspension deformation and extraocular muscles characteristics. Keywords eye orbit, finite element, active motion, hyper-elastic muscle model.

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Section: Materials Properties and Mechanical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Active Eye Motion Using Finite Element Modelling

Karami

Eghtesad

2018

Lat. Am. j. solids struct.

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“…In [25] a complete 3D model of the eye plant including a non linear dynamics description of the EOMs has been proposed. This model has been extended in [26] and [27], including also a description of the soft pulleys as elastic suspensions (springs).…”

Section: Eye Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Humanoid Robot Eye: Models and Experiments

Cannata

D’Andrea²,

Maggiali

2006

2006 6th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots

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Eye movements have the goal of optimizing visual perception, therefore the investigation of eye motion strategies play an important role in the design of humanoid robot eye systems. Saccades in humans and primates is a significant class of ocular motions, which obey the so called Listing's Law, which constrains the admissible eye's angular velocities and ensure zero torsion during motion. In this paper we present a model of the eye plant proving that Listing's Law implementation is strongly related with the geometry of the eye and its actuation system (extraocular muscles). The proposed model has been used to provide the guidelines for the design of a tendon driven humanoid robot eye. Experimental tests, presented in this paper, validate the model by performing a quantitative comparison of the performance of the robot eye with physiological data measured in humans and primates during saccades.

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“…The results of [12] extend the vector integrator model to include the effects of muscle pulleys. In contrast to the approach of [10]- [12], the 3-D studies in [13], [14], and [42] emphasize the incorporation of general nonlinear musculotendon dynamics, as reviewed in the previous section, though the later study is restricted to a static analysis.…”

Section: Ocular Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the approach of [13] and [14] appears to offer a certain sense of robustness in that the model provides for good predictions of trajectories, phase portraits, and tendon forces over a fairly large range of saccadic movements. In addition, 3-D simulations of saccades carried out in [13] support the claim that horizontal eye movement may be accurately modeled by including only the medial and lateral rectus muscles, although inclusion of the six extraocular muscles provides predictions of trajectories and phase portraits that more accurately reproduce the empirical data reported in [3]. It has been suggested that the oculomotor system operates in an open-loop mode during a saccade due to insufficient time for information to pass from the retina and muscle proprioreceptors to the central nervous system (CNS) [7].…”

Section: Ocular Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular dynamics and skeletal systems

Schovanec

2001

IEEE Control Syst.

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I ssues that are central to the modeling and analysis of a human movement system include musculotendon dynamics, the kinetics and kinematics of the biomechanical system, and the determination of neurological controls that are pertinent to a particular movement. In formulating a model for a biological control system, realism and complexity are always competing concerns. Human motion involves neurons, muscles, chemical reactions, bones, joints, and ligaments. How realistic can a model be made and still be simple enough for practical implementation and analytical tractability? What features of these enormously complex mechanisms are essential to include in the model, and which may be left out? Clearly, part of the answer to these questions lies in the specific model to be analyzed and the purpose for which it is to be used. This article focuses on the dynamics and control of ocular and skeletal systems. The discussion of these systems provides insights into modeling issues that are common to the study of human movement systems.One of the first human movement systems to be studied was the ocular motor system. In 1630, Descartes [1] proposed a model of eye movement based on the principle of reciprocal innervation, a notion of paired muscular activity in which a contraction of one muscle is associated with the re-laxation of the other. Since that time, modeling of the human ocular system and its dynamic properties have been studied extensively by neurologists, physiologists, and engineers [2]- [14]. Both practical and theoretical motivations exist for considering the ocular movement system. Clinical applications include the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus, muscle palsy, and the effects of neurological disorders. From a control-theoretic viewpoint, the ocular system is of relatively low dimension and easier to control than other neuromuscular systems. By scrutinizing the trajectories of eye movements, it is possible to infer the effects of motoneuronal activity; to deduce the central nervous system's control strategy; and, because of the relatively small number of actuators in this system, to more systematically observe the effects of perturbations in musculotendon parameters, as well as neural controls.Models of the musculoskeletal system also provide a means for elucidating the relationships between form and function. For instance, understanding the adaptation of femoral structures to mechanical stimuli by joint and muscle loading is basic to the notion of bone remodeling, first proposed by Wolf [15]. Since the first systematic study of the muscle-bone unloading principle by Pauwels [16], there have been several investigations into the role of muscle forces on the loading conditions of bone and subsequent stress development [17]-[24]. There are several practical and clinical motivations for studying neuromuscular effects on stress development. For 70 IEEE Control Systems Magazine

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A dynamic 3-D model of ocular motion

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Simulation of Active Eye Motion Using Finite Element Modelling

Simulation of Active Eye Motion Using Finite Element Modelling

Design of a Humanoid Robot Eye: Models and Experiments

Ocular dynamics and skeletal systems

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