A DWT-Based Video Watermarking Algorithm Applying DS-CDMA

Li, Fan; Fang, Yanmei

doi:10.1109/tencon.2006.343738

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The embedded watermark is a binary pattern of size 48x48 pixels. The performance of the proposed video watermarking scheme is evaluated in terms of the normalized correlation (NC) between the original watermark and the extracted one given by (11).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About frame attacks, Zhuang's method provides slightly better performance compared with our method, however, again, Zhuang's method is not a completely blind scheme, in which the coded original watermark pattern is required in the extraction process. In the comparison of the proposed method with a completely blind scheme proposed by Fan [11], our proposed method shows better performance, except for the Gaussian noise contamination. In the table, notation '--' means that the data is not available.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Previously Reported Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Watermark robustness of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of normalized correlation (NC) given by (11). To obtain the relationship between the different wavelet sub-bands as embedding domain and watermark robustness to most common combined attack: the compressed video sequence by MPEG-2 with 2Mbps together with noise contamination or frame attacks.…”

Section: Relationship Between Watermark Robustness and Embedding Sub-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers proposed video watermarking schemes in frequency domains due to the better resilience against several attacks [2], [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this scheme is not completely blind, on the contrary, a large amount of data is required to extract watermark sequence. Fan [11] proposed a completely blind DWT-based video watermarking algorithm applying Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA), where the encoded watermark is embedded into the lowest frequency subband LL4 of the DWT transformed video frames. Khalilian [12] proposed a scheme where a binary watermark is embedded into the transformed frames using the 3D Modified Ridgelet Transform (MRT), based on the 3D Discrete Analytical Ridgelet Transform (DART).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Blind Video Watermarking Scheme Robust To Frame Attacks Combined With MPEG2 Compression

Cruz-Ramos

Reyes-Reyes

Nakano-Miyatake

et al. 2010

JART

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In this paper, we propose a robust digital video watermarking scheme with completely blind extraction process where the original video data, original watermark or any other information derivative of them are not required in order to retrieve the embedded watermark. The proposed algorithm embeds 2D binary visually recognizable patterns such as company trademarks and owner’s logotype, etc., in the DWT domain of the video frames for copyright protection.Before the embedding process, only two numerical keys are required to transform the watermark data into a noise-like pattern using the chaotic mixing method which helps to increase the security. The main advantages of the proposed scheme are its completely blind detection scheme, robustness against common video attacks, combined attacks andits low complexity implementation. The combined attacks consist of MPEG-2 compression and common video attacks such as noise contamination, collusion attacks, frame dropping and swapping. Extensive simulation results also show that the watermark imperceptibility and robustness outperform other previously reported methods. The extractedwatermark data from the watermarked video sequences is clear enough even after the watermarked video hadsuffered from several attacks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Other Previously Reported Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Relationship Between Watermark Robustness and Embedding Sub-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many researchers proposed video watermarking schemes in frequency domains due to the better resilience against several attacks [2], [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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