A Dual-Wavelength Polarimetric Analysis of the 16 May 2010 Oklahoma City Extreme Hailstorm

Picca, Joseph C.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.

doi:10.1175/mwr-d-11-00112.1

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Ice hydrometeors can also be detected to some extent from polarimetric measurements (e.g., Golestani et al 1989;Park et al 2009;Cifelli et al 2011;Adachi et al 2013). In this case, R(K DP ) can be used for the estimation of rainfall rates as long as ice hydrometeors are dry (e.g., Picca and Ryzhkov 2011;Ryzhkov et al 2009), although DSD parameters cannot be deduced with the method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Raindrop Size Distribution and Rainfall Rate from Polarimetric Radar Measurements at Attenuating Frequency Based on the Self-Consistency Principle

Adachi¹,

Kobayashi

2015

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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A method for estimating three parameters of a gamma raindrop size distribution (DSD) model and the rainfall rate from polarimetric radar at attenuating frequency was developed. The algorithm was developed based on the self-consistency principle but was expanded to consider the attenuation effect by describing the interrelation between polarimetric measurements along the range profile. The proposed method does not require any assumptions of relation among DSD parameters or simplifications of equations that describe the relation between the axis ratio and diameter of raindrops, which have been used in previous studies. Moreover, the proposed algorithm needs no external reference data such as two-dimensional video disdrometer measurements for attenuation corrections because it retrieves the co-polar and differential specific attenuation from the interrelation among the polarimetric measurements.The performance of this algorithm was evaluated by comparison with optical disdrometers and a weighing precipitation gauge. The evaluation of the algorithm showed that the retrieved three DSD parameters of raindrops, reflectivity, and differential reflectivity from actual C-band polarimetric radar data have fairly good agreement with those obtained by surface measurements. Moreover, rainfall rates retrieved using this algorithm have comparable precision with those estimated from the specific differential phase, and outperform those estimated through the so-called Z-R relation, particularly during heavy rainfall. Furthermore, the effects of raindrop temperature and shape parameter on the retrieval of the rainfall rate were examined. The results show that for radar operating at C-band, a raindrop temperature error of 10°C may be negligible in rainfall rate estimations, whereas a shape parameter error of 2 may increase the error of the rainfall rate estimation by 10 %.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Raindrop Size Distribution and Rainfall Rate from Polarimetric Radar Measurements at Attenuating Frequency Based on the Self-Consistency Principle

Adachi¹,

Kobayashi

2015

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…This is the well-known "LDR cap" that marks a mixed-phase transition where raindrops freeze and there may be wet growth (Bringi et al 1996;Hubbert et al 1998;Jameson et al 1996;Kennedy et al 2001;Kumjian 2012). The size and strength of the Z DR column has been linked to hail growth and hail extent at the ground (Picca et al 2010;Kumjian et al 2014). …”

Section: Polarimetric Variable Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The K DP columns (i.e., positive K DP values that are above the 0°C level) have been well studied and documented Loney et al 2002;Ryzhkov et al 2005;Kumjian et al 2010;van Lier-Walqui et al 2016). Many times, there is a spatial offset between the positive Z DR and K DP columns (Kumjian and Ryzhkov 2008), but here, they are coincident with the K DP column extending to nearly the top of the Z DR column.…”

Section: Polarimetric Variable Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-Pol’s Polarimetric Data Reveal Detailed Storm Features (and Insect Behavior)

Hubbert

Wilson

Weckwerth

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) operates a state-of-the-art S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol) for the National Science Foundation (NSF). This radar has some similar and some distinguishing characteristics to the National Weather Service (NWS) operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler Polarimetric (WSR-88DP). One key difference is that the WSR-88DP is used for operational purposes where rapid 360° volumetric scanning is required to monitor rapid changes in storm characteristics for nowcasting and issuing severe storm warnings. Since S-Pol is used to support the NSF research community, it usually scans at much slower rates than operational radars. This results in higher resolution and higher data quality suitable for many research studies. An important difference between S-Pol and the WSR-88DP is S-Pol’s ability to use customized scan strategies including scanning on vertical surfaces ([range–height indicators (RHIs)], which are presently not done by WSR-88DPs. RHIs provide high-resolution microphysical structures of convective storms, which are central to many research studies. Another important difference is that the WSR-88DP simultaneously transmits horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarized pulses. In contrast, S-Pol typically transmits alternating H and V pulses, which results in not only higher data quality for research but also allows for the cross-polar signal to be measured. The cross-polar signal provides estimates of the linear depolarization ratio (LDR) and the co- to cross-correlation coefficient that give additional microphysical information. This paper presents plots and interpretations of high-quality, high-resolution polarimetric data that demonstrate the value of S-Pol’s polarimetric measurements for atmospheric research.

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“…5. However, it is difficult to remove the effect of wet/melting hail/graupel even for advanced algorithms with polarimetric radars (e.g., Picca and Ryzhkov, 2011;Ryzhkov et al, 2009). Nevertheless, the proposed algorithm is much more reliable than the R(Z H ) method (Figs.…”

Section: Appendix B Effects Of Ice Hydrometeors On the Estimation Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of potentially hazardous convective clouds with a dual-polarized C-band radar

et al. 2013

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Abstract.A method for forecasting very short-term rainfall to detect potentially hazardous convective cloud that produces heavy local rainfall was developed using actual volumetric C-band polarimetric radar data. Because the rainfall estimation algorithm used in this method removed the effect of ice particles based on polarimetric measurements, it was immune to the high reflectivity associated with hail. The reliability of the algorithm was confirmed by comparing the rainfall rate estimated from the polarimetric radar measurements at the lowest elevation angle with that obtained from optical disdrometers on the ground. The rainfall rate estimated from polarimetric data agreed well with the results obtained from the disdrometers, and was much more reliable than results derived from reflectivity alone.Two small cumulus cells were analyzed, one of which developed and later produced heavy rainfall, whereas the other did not. Observations made by polarimetric radar with a volumetric scan revealed that a high vertical maximum intensity of rainfall rate and a vertical area of enhanced differential reflectivity extending above the freezing level, often termed a high Z DR column, were clearly formed about 10 min prior to the onset of heavy rainfall on the ground. The onset time of the heavy rainfall could be estimated in advance from the polarimetric data, which agreed fairly well with observations. These polarimetric characteristics were not observed for the cumulus cell that did not produce heavy rainfall. The results suggest that both the vertical maximum intensity of the rainfall rate and a high Z DR column, estimated from polarimetric measurements, can be used to identify potentially hazardous clouds. Furthermore, this study shows that polarimetric radar measurements with high spatial and temporal resolutions are invaluable for disaster reduction.

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A Dual-Wavelength Polarimetric Analysis of the 16 May 2010 Oklahoma City Extreme Hailstorm

Cited by 74 publications

References 36 publications

Estimation of Raindrop Size Distribution and Rainfall Rate from Polarimetric Radar Measurements at Attenuating Frequency Based on the Self-Consistency Principle

Estimation of Raindrop Size Distribution and Rainfall Rate from Polarimetric Radar Measurements at Attenuating Frequency Based on the Self-Consistency Principle

S-Pol’s Polarimetric Data Reveal Detailed Storm Features (and Insect Behavior)

Detection of potentially hazardous convective clouds with a dual-polarized C-band radar

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