A dual-process approach to the role of mother’s implicit and explicit attitudes toward their child in parenting models.

Sturge‐Apple, Melissa L.; Rogge, Ronald D.; Skibo, Michael A.; Peltz, Jack S.; Suor, Jennifer H.

doi:10.1037/a0038650

Cited by 21 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This interpretation is supported by a positive correlation between SES, which includes maternal education, and mothers’ performance on all four trials: r s ranged from .19 to .36. The recommended procedure for removing this common method variance is to regress performance for one valence onto performance for the opposite valence (e.g., Boldero, Rawlings, & Haslam, 2007; Lee et al, 2010; Sturge-Apple et al, 2015a). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mothers completed a computerized, fast-paced word sorting task called the Go/No-Go Association Task-Child (GNAT-Child; Sturge-Apple et al, 2015a). The GNAT-Child is designed to measure mothers’ implicit representations of her child by determining the strength of her associations between words representing her child (e.g., the child’s name, shortened name, nickname) and either of two categories with positive and negative valence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel measure, the GNAT-Child (Sturge-Apple, Rogge, Skibo, Peltz, & Suor, 2015a), was employed to capture changes in mothers’ implicit appraisals. First, it was posited that mothers’ implicit appraisals would become increasingly negative following a family conflict.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mothers’ implicit appraisals of their adolescents as unlovable: Explanatory factor linking family conflict and harsh parenting.

Martin¹,

Sturge‐Apple²,

Davies³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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This study examined the consequences of negative change in mothers’ implicit appraisals of their adolescents after engaging in a family disagreement. Participants included 194 mothers and their early adolescents (Mage = 12.4 at Wave 1; 50% female) followed over one year. Mothers’ implicit appraisals of her child as “unlovable” were assessed using the GNAT-Child (Sturge-Apple et al., 2015), an associative word-sorting task, before and after engaging in a family conflict task. Mothers’ implicit appraisals, on average, did not become more negative following conflicts with their teen. However, substantial variability was evident, suggesting that important individual differences exist in mothers’ cognitive reactivity to conflict. Greater susceptibility to implicit change predicted more harsh and insensitive parenting in response to their adolescents’ bids for support one year later. This effect held over and above mothers’ emotional reactivity to the conflict, their explicit negative attitudes about their adolescent, and maternal harshness at Time 1. Harsh and insensitive parenting, in turn, mediated the link between maternal implicit reactivity and subsequent increases in adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. The results suggest that individual differences in maternal susceptibility to changes in implicit appraisals following conflictual interactions serve as a unique determinant of parenting in adolescence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mothers’ implicit appraisals of their adolescents as unlovable: Explanatory factor linking family conflict and harsh parenting.

Martin¹,

Sturge‐Apple²,

Davies³

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

Self Cite

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“…However, there is no gold standard questionnaire measure. Implicit measures of parental attitudes provide yet another method of assessment (e.g., Sturge-Apple et al, 2015;Johnston et al, 2017). It is uncertain whether the various measures are different ways of measuring a single attitude construct or measures of different mental representations (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mothers’ Attitudes as Organizers of Discipline Practices and Related Anticipatory Processes

Lorber¹,

Stuart²

2018

Preprint

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We hypothesized that mothers’ negative attitudes toward their toddlers would set in motion an anticipatory social cognitive-affective cascade that influenced their parenting during immediately subsequent discipline encounters. Ninety-seven mothers of 2- to 3-year-old children completed a laboratory assessment consisting of (a) an interview/observational measure of their attitudes toward their toddlers, questionnaires tapping (b) expectancies of their children’s difficult behavior in upcoming discipline encounters and (c) anticipatory changes in their own experience of negative emotion, (d) measures of anticipatory changes in their heart rate and electrodermal activity, and (e) observations of their overreactive and lax discipline. Negative maternal attitudes were associated with lax discipline, negative expectancies, and anticipatory electrodermal reactivity. Negative expectancies were associated with anticipatory increases in mothers’ experience of negative emotion. Other than negative maternal attitudes, however, no factor in the hypothesized social cognitive-affective cascade predicted discipline. Thus, the hypothesized model was not fully supported by the data.

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“…Parental attitudes have been typically assessed through self-report questionnaires (e.g., Okagaki & Bingham, 2005), which entail a set of advantages such as direct access to thinking contents or easiness of administration. However, these measures only assess the explicit processing of events (e.g., Sturge-Apple et al, 2015) and are potentially prone to perceptual biases and report distortions, in order to avoid social judgment or even legal interventions (Portwood, 2006). Implicit measures have been particularly important in the study of attitudes, stereotypes, close relationships and health behavior (for a review, see Fazio & Olson, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Parental Attitudes in Child Maltreatment

Camilo

Garrido

Calheiros

2020

J Interpers Violence

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An information-processing approach to maladaptive parenting suggests that high-risk and maltreating parents are likely to hold inaccurate and biased preexisting cognitive schemata about child development and child rearing. Importantly, these schemas, which may include values, beliefs, expectations, and attitudes, are known to influence the way parents perceive and subsequently act toward their children. However, the few studies specifically addressing parental attitudes only considered global maltreatment, not distinguishing abuse from neglect. Moreover, few have considered dual-process models of cognition, relying mostly on the explicit level of parental attitudes that can be prone to various biases. Based on the Social Information Processing (SIP) model of child abuse and neglect, this study examines the association of parents preexisting cognitive schemata, namely explicit and implicit parental attitudes, and child abuse and neglect. A convenience sample of 201 mothers (half with at least one child referred to child protection services) completed a measure of explicit parental attitudes and a speed-accuracy task related to parenting. Abuse and neglect were measured with self-report and professionals-report instruments. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that maladaptive parenting is related with more biased preexisting cognitive schemas, namely attitudes related to parenting, but only for neglect and particularly when reported by professionals. Moreover, the results observed with both the explicit and implicit measures of attitudes were convergent, with mothers presenting more inadequate explicit attitudes also exhibiting an overall lower performance in the implicit attitudes task. This study is likely to contribute to the SIP framework of child abuse and neglect, particularly for the elucidation of the sociocognitive factors underlying maladaptive parenting, while also providing relevant cues for prevention and intervention programs.

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A dual-process approach to the role of mother’s implicit and explicit attitudes toward their child in parenting models.

Cited by 21 publications

References 54 publications

Mothers’ implicit appraisals of their adolescents as unlovable: Explanatory factor linking family conflict and harsh parenting.

Mothers’ implicit appraisals of their adolescents as unlovable: Explanatory factor linking family conflict and harsh parenting.

Mothers’ Attitudes as Organizers of Discipline Practices and Related Anticipatory Processes

Parental Attitudes in Child Maltreatment

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