A Dual Platform for Selective Analyte Enrichment and Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Using Aptamer-Conjugated Graphene Oxide

Gülbakan, Basri; Yasun, Emir; Shukoor, Mohammed Ibrahim; Zhu, Zhi; You, Mingxu; Tan, Xiaodan; Sánchez, Hernán R.; Powell, David H.; Dai, Hongjie; Tan, Weihong

doi:10.1021/ja109042w

Cited by 191 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] In addition, with its superior fluorescence quenching and adsorption capacity, graphene has been increasingly used for making biosensors, [5][6][7][8] drug delivery vehicles, [9,10] and imaging agents. [10,11] To disperse in an aqueous solution, graphene oxide (GO) with surface carboxyl and hydroxyl groups is often prepared.…”

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confidence: 99%

DNA‐Length‐Dependent Fluorescence Signaling on Graphene Oxide Surface

Huang

Liu

2012

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Graphene has attracted an immense amount of research interest due to its unique electrical, mechanical, optical, and surface properties. [1][2][3][4] In addition, with its superior fluorescence quenching and adsorption capacity, graphene has been increasingly used for making biosensors, [5][6][7][8] drug delivery vehicles, [9, 10] and imaging agents. [10,11] To disperse in an aqueous solution, graphene oxide (GO) with surface carboxyl and hydroxyl groups is often prepared.GO is also an excellent quencher for adsorbed fluorophores with quenching efficiency approaching 100%. [12][13][14] At the same time, GO selectively adsorbs non-structured and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), [15,16] which can subsequently desorb upon forming double-stranded (dsDNA) or well-folded structures. Based on these understandings, many optical sensors have been designed for the detection of metal ions, [12,17,18] small molecules, [11, 19, 20] [14, 21] [6, 13, 22-24] proteins, and nucleic acids. For example, adsorption of a fluorophorelabeled probe DNA resulted in quenched fluorescence. In the presence of its complementary DNA (cDNA), the fluorescence was recovered due to duplex formation and subsequent desorption. In this This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Huang, P.-J. J., & Liu, J. (2012 Submitted to -2 -process, the fluorophore-to-GO distance increased from zero to infinity to achieve the maximal fluorescence enhancement. In addition to GO, many other carbon based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, [25][26][27][28][29] mesoporous carbon, [30] carbon nanoparticles [31,32] and water soluble nano-C60 [33] have also been tested for similar applications.On the other hand, little is known about DNA length-dependent fluorescence quenching within a few nanometers from the GO surface. Such information is important for rational design of covalently linked probes. Compared to physisorbed probes, covalent sensors are reversible, regenerable, less prone to non-specific probe displacement, and allow continuous monitoring under flow conditions. [34] In addition, studying distance-dependent fluorescence properties are crucial for the fundamental understanding of DNA/GO interaction and its quenching mechanism. Theoretical calculations predicted that quenching by graphene follows a d -4 dependency, where d is the fluorophore-to-graphene distance. [35,36] This is formally similar to the so-called nanosurface energy transfer (NSET) studied using gold nanoparticles as quencher. [37][38][39][40] Seo and co-workers recently measured the fluorescence intensity of Cy3.5 nearby GO separated by up to 18 base pairs (bp) of DNA, where immobilization was achieved via adsorption of a five-adenine overhang.[41]For a systematic study, we employed eight amino and 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) dual-labeled DNAs with varying FAM positions (see Figure 1D for the DNA sequences). TheDNAs were respectively reacted with GO in the presence of EDC to form covalent amide linkages ( Figure 1A, step 1), such that the FAM and GO were separated by...

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DNA‐Length‐Dependent Fluorescence Signaling on Graphene Oxide Surface

Huang

Liu

2012

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“…GO and rGO show more prominent antibacterial activity than others [38,91] by causing membrane stress. The stress is generated by the pointed uneven corner of graphene, which leads to cell membrane damage, ejaculation of RNA and membrane integrity loss [92].…”

Section: Substrates For Antibacterial Effectsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Conjugation of the aptamer to GO makes it suitable to be used as specific affinity probe [91]. GO can also be used as a supporting matrix for the synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites for increased separation of sulphonamide antibiotics with magnetic retrieval of graphene [148].…”

Section: Graphene In Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene and graphene oxide as nanomaterials for medicine and biology application

et al. 2018

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Graphene-and graphene oxide-based nanomaterials have gained broad interests in research because of their unique physiochemical properties. The 2D allotropic structure allows it to be used in various biological fields. The biomedical applications of graphene and its composite include its use in gene and small molecular drug delivery. It is further used for biofunctionalization of protein, in anticancer therapy, as an antimicrobial agent for bone and teeth implantation. The biocompatibility of the newly synthesized nanomaterials allows its substantial use in medicine and biology. The current review summarizes the chemical structure and biological application of graphene in various fields.

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“…From reports by others [12], the introduction of internal standards can compensate signal variations successfully. On the other hand, background interferences could be greatly reduced by utilizing proper matrices (i.e., graphene), especially for small organic molecule detection (G600 Da) [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Possessing unique electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties [19], graphene oxide can be produced by oxidizing graphite, which is heavily oxygenated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Throughput Enzyme Inhibitor Screening by Functionalized Magnetic Carbonaceous Microspheres and Graphene Oxide-Based MALDI-TOF-MS

Liu

et al. 2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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In this work, a high throughput methodology for screening enzyme inhibitors has been demonstrated by combining enzyme immobilized magnetic carbonaceous microspheres and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with grapheme oxide as matrix. First, model enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was immobilized onto the 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO)-modified magnetic carbonaceous (MC) microspheres, displaying a high enzyme activity and stability, and also facilitating the separation of enzyme from substrate and product. The efficiency of immobilized AChE was monitored by biochemical assay, which was carried out by mixing enzyme-immobilized MC microspheres with model substrate acetylcholine (ACh), and subsequent quantitative determination of substrate ACh and product choline using graphene oxide-based MALDI-TOF-MS with no background inference. The limit of detection (LOD) for ACh was 0.25 fmol/μL, and excellent linearity (R 2 =0.9998) was maintained over the range of 0.5 and 250 fmol/μL. Choline was quantified over the range of 0.05 and 15 pmol/μL, also with excellent linearity (R 2 =0.9994) and low LOD (0.15 fmol/μL). Good accuracy and precision were obtained for all concentrations within the range of the standard curves. All together, eight compounds (four known AChE inhibitors and four control chemical compounds with no AChE inhibit effect) were tested with our promoted methodology, and the obtained results demonstrated that our high throughput screening methodology could be a great help to the routine enzyme inhibitor screening.

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A Dual Platform for Selective Analyte Enrichment and Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Using Aptamer-Conjugated Graphene Oxide

Cited by 191 publications

References 30 publications

DNA‐Length‐Dependent Fluorescence Signaling on Graphene Oxide Surface

DNA‐Length‐Dependent Fluorescence Signaling on Graphene Oxide Surface

Graphene and graphene oxide as nanomaterials for medicine and biology application

High Throughput Enzyme Inhibitor Screening by Functionalized Magnetic Carbonaceous Microspheres and Graphene Oxide-Based MALDI-TOF-MS

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