As al ess explored avenue, actinide-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are worth studying for the particularity of actiniden odes in coordination behaviour and assembly modes.I nt his work, an azobenzenetetracarboxylate-based anionic MOF supported by uranylcarboxyl helical chain units was synthesized,i ncorporating linear uranyl as the metal centre. This kindo fh elical chain-type building unit is reported for the first time in uranyl-based MOFs. Structurala nalysis reveals that the formation of helical chain secondary units can be attributed to restricted equatorial coordination of rigid flat azobenzene ligand to uranyl centres. Meanwhile, this newly-synthesized anionic material has been used to remove Eu 3 + ions, as an on-radioactive surrogate of Am 3 + ion, through an ion-exchange process with [(CH 3 ) 2 NH 2 ] + ions in its open channels, as evidenced by ac ombinationo f 1 HN MR spectroscopy,E DS and PXRD.As emerging porous materialsf eaturing well-defined reticular architectures, high porosity,a nd good designability in topological structures and pores, [1] metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have aroused vast amounts of attention from chemists and materials specialists.T his typeo fv ersatile inorganic-organic hybrid materials hows promising applications in aw ide range of fields such as gas storagea nd separation, [2] catalysis, [3] drug delivery, [4] chemical sensors, [5] and other aspects. [6] Compared to the abundance and massive diversity of MOFs based on transition metalsa nd lanthanides, [7] actinide-based MOFs that utilize actinide ions or clusters as buildingn odes are still less studied.As the heaviest natural element, the actinide element uranium exhibits rich coordinationc hemistry relevant to its intriguing 5f orbital electronic structure andf ascinating bondinga bility. [8] Uranium possesses various oxidation states from + 2t o + 6, among which hexavalent uranium in al inear uranyl (UO 2 2 + )f ormi si ts most commons pecies. The occupationo f relativelyi nert axial oxygen atoms forces foreign ligands to coordinate on the equatorial plane of the uranylc entre, thus resultingi nt etragonal, pentagonal, and hexagonal-bipyramidal geometries through binding four,f ive and six coordinative atoms. [9] Because of the characteristic equatorially-directed coordination sphereo ft he linear uranyl cation, uranyl-basedc oordination polymers have at endency to form architectures in one dimensional (1D) chains or two dimensional (2D) networks, whereas the amount of three-dimensional (3D) uranyl-organic frameworks (UOFs) is relativelyl ess, although al arge variety of UOFs have been reported based on organic linkersf unctionalized with different groups such as carboxylic acids, [10] phosphonic acids, [11] cucurbituril-based pseudorotaxanes, [12] etc.The rational choice of ligands is of great significance for the design and synthesis of UOFs,e specially for those with specific properties. [13] For example, one effective approacht ob uild uranylf rameworks is by endowing organic linkersw ith multide...