A dual‐function sRNA from <i>B. subtilis</i>: SR1 acts as a peptide encoding mRNA on the <i>gapA</i> operon

Gimpel, Matthias; Heidrich, Nadja; Mäder, Ulrike; Krügel, H.; Brantl, Sabine

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07158.x

Cited by 75 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…SR1 was later found to encode a 39-amino-acid peptide that increases mRNA stability of the gapA operon by binding to the GapA protein via an unknown mechanism. This made SR1 the first established dual-function sRNA in B. subtilis (105). Importantly, the two SR1 functionsregulation of ahrC mRNA via an sRNA-mRNA interaction and regulation of gapA mediated by the SR1 peptide-are conserved in related Bacillus species (106).…”

Section: Independently Expressed Small Rnas and Rna Antitoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory RNAs in Bacillus subtilis: a Gram-Positive Perspective on Bacterial RNA-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression

Mars

Nicolas

Denham

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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SUMMARY Bacteria can employ widely diverse RNA molecules to regulate their gene expression. Such molecules include trans -acting small regulatory RNAs, antisense RNAs, and a variety of transcriptional attenuation mechanisms in the 5′ untranslated region. Thus far, most regulatory RNA research has focused on Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella . Hence, there is uncertainty about whether the resulting insights can be extrapolated directly to other bacteria, such as the Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis . A recent study identified 1,583 putative regulatory RNAs in B. subtilis , whose expression was assessed across 104 conditions. Here, we review the current understanding of RNA-based regulation in B. subtilis , and we categorize the newly identified putative regulatory RNAs on the basis of their conservation in other bacilli and the stability of their predicted secondary structures. Our present evaluation of the publicly available data indicates that RNA-mediated gene regulation in B. subtilis mostly involves elements at the 5′ ends of mRNA molecules. These can include 5′ secondary structure elements and metabolite-, tRNA-, or protein-binding sites. Importantly, sense-independent segments are identified as the most conserved and structured potential regulatory RNAs in B. subtilis . Altogether, the present survey provides many leads for the identification of new regulatory RNA functions in B. subtilis .

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Section: Independently Expressed Small Rnas and Rna Antitoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory RNAs in Bacillus subtilis: a Gram-Positive Perspective on Bacterial RNA-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression

Mars

Nicolas

Denham

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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“…Moreover, depending on function, they can be transcribed at the same time or under opposing conditions as the sense strand (41). Furthermore, these transcripts can have dual functions, acting as antisense RNAs and as peptide-encoding mRNAs (43). Although we have only just begun to investigate the asRNA in the loop region, since overexpression results in less capsule synthesis, the function of this antisense transcript may be to target the large transcript for degradation, a transcript that would otherwise be stable, given the large stem-loop structure at the 5= end.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of a 77-Base-Pair Inverted Repeat Element Alters the Synthesis of Surface Polysaccharides in Porphyromonas gingivalis

et al. 2015

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Bacterial cell surface glycans, such as capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), influence host recognition and are considered key virulence determinants. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is known to display at least three different types of surface glycans: O-LPS, A-LPS, and K-antigen capsule. We have shown that PG0121 (in strain W83) encodes a DNABII histone-like protein and that this gene is transcriptionally linked to the K-antigen capsule synthesis genes, generating a large ϳ19.4-kb transcript (PG0104-PG0121). Furthermore, production of capsule is deficient in a PG0121 mutant strain. In this study, we report on the identification of an antisense RNA (asRNA) molecule located within a 77-bp inverted repeat (77bpIR) element located near the 5= end of the locus. We show that overexpression of this asRNA decreases the amount of capsule produced, indicating that this asRNA can impact capsule synthesis in trans. We also demonstrate that deletion of the 77bpIR element and thereby synthesis of the large 19.4-kb transcript also diminishes, but does not eliminate, capsule synthesis. Surprisingly, LPS structures were also altered by deletion of the 77bpIR element, and reactivity to monoclonal antibodies specific to both O-LPS and A-LPS was eliminated. Additionally, reduced reactivity to these antibodies was also observed in a PG0106 mutant, indicating that this putative glycosyltransferase, which is required for capsule synthesis, is also involved in LPS synthesis in strain W83. We discuss our finding in the context of how DNABII proteins, an antisense RNA molecule, and the 77bpIR element may modulate expression of surface polysaccharides in P. gingivalis. IMPORTANCEThe periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis displays at least three different types of cell surface glycans: O-LPS, A-LPS, and K-antigen capsule. We have shown using Northern analysis that the K-antigen capsule locus encodes a large transcript (ϳ19.4 kb), encompassing a 77-bp inverted repeat (77bpIR) element near the 5= end. Here, we report on the identification of an antisense RNA (asRNA) encoded within the 77bpIR. We show that overexpression of this asRNA or deletion of the element decreases the amount of capsule. LPS structures were also altered by deletion of the 77bpIR, and reactivity to monoclonal antibodies to both O-LPS and A-LPS was eliminated. Our data indicate that the 77bpIR element is involved in modulating both LPS and capsule synthesis in P. gingivalis. E ncapsulation is a well-known mechanism that protects pathogenic bacteria from clearance by host immune defenses (1). This reduction in clearance can lead to persistent survival and thereby long-term interplay between the bacterium and host. Capsules not only reduce the ability of the host effectors to gain access to the bacterial cell but also mask the cell surface and thereby modulate the host's response to the bacterium. This model is supported by studies showing that encapsulated bacteria have an advantage in immune evasion (2). Synthesis of a...

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“…For example, E. coli RNA SgrS can regulate several mRNA targets through direct base pairing and encodes the 43-amino-acid polypeptide SgrT (29). The 39-amino-acid peptide SR1P, encoded by SR1 RNA, was also detected from a multicopy plasmid by Western blotting in Bacillus subtilis (30). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the Hfq-binding RNA PhrS contains a translated 37-amino-acid open reading frame (ORF) whose function is still unknown (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Staphylococcus aureus Protein-Coding Gene gdpS Modulates sarS Expression via mRNA-mRNA Interaction

et al. 2015

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bStaphylococcus aureus is an important Gram-positive pathogen responsible for numerous diseases ranging from localized skin infections to life-threatening systemic infections. The virulence of S. aureus is essentially determined by a wide spectrum of factors, including cell wall-associated proteins and secreted toxins that are precisely controlled in response to environmental changes. GGDEF domain protein from Staphylococcus (GdpS) is the only conserved staphylococcal GGDEF domain protein that is involved not in c-di-GMP synthesis but in the virulence regulation of S. aureus NCTC8325. Our previous study showed that the inactivation of gdpS generates an extensive change of virulence factors together with, in particular, a major Spa (protein A) surface protein. As reported, sarS is a direct positive regulator of spa. The decreased transcript levels of sarS in the gdpS mutant compared with the parental NCTC8325 strain suggest that gdpS affects spa through interaction with sarS. In this study, site mutation and complementary experiments showed that the translation product of gdpS was not involved in the regulation of transcript levels of sarS. We found that gdpS functioned through direct RNA-RNA base pairing with the 5= untranslated region (5=UTR) of sarS mRNA and that a putative 18-nucleotide region played a significant role in the regulatory process. Furthermore, the mRNA half-life analysis of sarS in the gdpS mutant showed that gdpS positively regulates the mRNA levels of sarS by contributing to the stabilization of sarS mRNA, suggesting that gdpS mRNA may regulate spa expression in an RNA-dependent pathway.

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A dual‐function sRNA from B. subtilis: SR1 acts as a peptide encoding mRNA on the gapA operon

Cited by 75 publications

References 58 publications

Regulatory RNAs in Bacillus subtilis: a Gram-Positive Perspective on Bacterial RNA-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression

Regulatory RNAs in Bacillus subtilis: a Gram-Positive Perspective on Bacterial RNA-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression

Deletion of a 77-Base-Pair Inverted Repeat Element Alters the Synthesis of Surface Polysaccharides in Porphyromonas gingivalis

The Staphylococcus aureus Protein-Coding Gene gdpS Modulates sarS Expression via mRNA-mRNA Interaction

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