A dual-band CPW-fed miniature planar antenna for S-, C-, WiMAX, WLAN, UWB, and X-band applications

Abstract

A miniature planar antenna is a vital component of any portable wireless communication device. The antenna in portable devices should provide wide/multiple operating bands to cover a good number of narrowband services as a multi-band antenna not only reduces the number of antennas but also lessens the system complexity, cost, and device size. To operate over S-, C-, WiMAX, WLAN, UWB, and X-communication bands, in this paper, a dual-band CPW-fed antenna is presented. The anticipated antenna is made up of a vertical bow-tie-shaped patch and two asymmetric ground planes and etched on the same side of the single-sided standard substrate material. To generate two distinct operating bands, an inverted L-shaped parasitic element is inserted within the modified U-shaped coplanar ground plane. The antenna achieved dual operating bands of 3.24–8.29 GHz and 9.12–11.25 GHz in measurement which helps the proposed antenna to cover S-, C-, WiMAX, WLAN, 4G LTE, 5G sub-6 GHz, UWB, and X-communication bands. In the two operating bands, the antenna realized a peak gain of 4.33 dBi, and 4.80 dBi, the maximum radiation efficiency of 86.6%, and 72.6%, and exhibits symmetric radiation patterns. In the operating bands, the antenna also exhibits good time-domain behavior which helps it to transmit the signal with minimum distortion.

Relationship between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Chronic Kidney Disease in Type Two Diabetes Mellitus in Al-Nasria City South of Iraq.

“…Type 2 diabetic patients with subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy (7). In contrast, hyperthyroidism increases GFR and renal blood flow (12) Clinical studies indicated that serum-free T3 level was about 47% lower in patients with types 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic patients (13). There were no significant differences in serum levels of free thyroxine (T4) and TSH between the control and the study subjects (13).…”

Slot-loaded Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G and WLAN/WiMAX Wireless Applications

“…Recently, there has been increasing attention in searching antennas to cover multiple frequency bands such as S-band (2-4 GHz), WiMAX (3.3-3.8 GHz), 5G mid bands (3.3-3.8 GHz, 4.4-4.9 GHz), C-band (4-8 GHz), WLAN (5.15-5.825 GHz), UWB https://www.indjst.org/ (3.1-10.6 GHz), X-band (8-12 GHz) due to the numerous operating necessities of communication devices. (2) A multi-band antenna can be achieved by adding a slot in the patch or ground plane at specific locations on a narrow band microstrip patch antenna. Suppose the length of the slot is either a quarter-wavelength or a half-wavelength at an appropriate location on the patch/ground plane.…”

“…In that case, it stimulates the higher modes near the fundamental mode, enabling several operating bands. (2) Researchers have designed numerous antennas for WLAN and WiMAX applications. In (3) , a slotted PSPA (Plus-Shaped Patch Antenna) with DGS is modeled and proposed for 5G sub-6, and the WiMAX application is designed with a reflection coefficient of -52.06dB resonating at 3.12 GHz and operates with a broader bandwidth of 2.56 GHz (2.62-5.23 GHz).…”

Monopole directional antenna bioinspired in elliptical leaf with golden ratio for WLAN and 4G applications

“…A planar monopole antenna is also known as a monopole antenna, as characterized by presented wideband an ultra-wideband, compact structure, low gain, operating in several frequency bands, numerous shapes, and omnidirectional radiation pattern 7 , 8 . Some techniques were used to change monopole antenna parameters, such as modifications in the ground plane 9 , the use of the metamaterials 10 , and the insertion of the reflector in the antenna back 4 .…”