A dramatic reduction in the sintering temperature of the refractory sodium β′′-alumina solid electrolyte via cold sintering

Abstract

The cold sintering process is successfully applied to one of the most refractory solid-state sodium-ion electrolytes, namely sodium beta alumina (SBA). By using a hydroxide-based transient solvent, SBA is densified...

The effects of cold sintering parameters on the densification of Na2WO4 ceramics using Na2WO4·2H2O dry powders

“…Cold sintering process (CSP) is an innovation for the low‐temperature sintering that has developed rapidly in recent years 1–9 . It takes the advantage of mediate liquid phase with or without pressure to facilitate the densification below 300°C and now has been successfully applied in a wide variety of materials such as BaTiO 3 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 10–14 . Cold sintering is a complex process, involving liquid phase diffusion, arrangement of particles and interaction between liquid phase and particles 2,15–17 .…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] It takes the advantage of mediate liquid phase with or without pressure to facilitate the densification below 300 • C and now has been successfully applied in a wide variety of materials such as BaTiO 3 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 . [10][11][12][13][14] Cold sintering is a complex process, involving liquid phase diffusion, arrangement of particles and interaction between liquid phase and particles. 2,[15][16][17] Up to now, several cold sintering mechanisms have been reported, and the most accepted mechanisms include the "dissolution-precipitation" process and plastic deformation process.…”

Recent progress and strategic perspectives of inorganic solid electrolytes: fundamentals, modifications, and applications in sodium metal batteries

“…380 Cold sintering dramatically lowered the sintering temperature below 400 1C for densification of BASE, which resulted in a theoretical density over 90% and an ionic conductivity of 7.6 Â 10 À3 S cm À1 at 300 1C, as the carbonates and water molecules contained in the sample could not be removed at such a low temperature which greatly deteriorated its room-temperature ionic conductivity. 381 Another alternative preparation method, vapor-phase synthesis, was also demonstrated to benefit from the restrained sodium loss and full conversion of b 00 -Al 2 O 3 at lower temperature, as well as maintaning the grain size throughout the reactions. [382][383][384][385] Impressively, the precursor has a huge impact on the product quality of BASE as well.…”

NaGaPO4F – a KTiOPO4-structured solid sodium-ion conductor

“…hugely relies upon the development of affordable, easily scalable, and environmentally benign functional materials possessing superior ionic conductivities. 1–4 Since essential prerequisites for the ionic conductive properties are established at the level of electronic and crystal structures, the design of ion conductors is primarily focused on structural types comprising a percolating system of energetically available voids and cavities, such as β-Al 2 O 3 , 5–9 NASICONs, 10–16 boranes, 17,18 silicates, 19–21 chalcogenides, 22–26 and molybdates. 27,28…”

“…hugely relies upon the development of affordable, easily scalable, and environmentally benign functional materials possessing superior ionic conductivities. [1][2][3][4] Since essential prerequisites for the ionic conductive properties are established at the level of electronic and crystal structures, the design of ion conductors is primarily focused on structural types comprising a percolating system of energetically available voids and cavities, such as β-Al 2 O 3 , [5][6][7][8][9] NASICONs, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] boranes, 17,18 silicates, [19][20][21] chalcogenides, [22][23][24][25][26] and molybdates. 27,28 In the last decade, the KTiOPO 4 (KTP) structured materials with the AMTO 4 X general formula (Aalkali metal; Mp-or d-metal; T -P, S; X -O, F) emerged as promising electrochemically active materials for diverse metal-ion battery technologies due to their unique structure offering boosted redox potentials and high alkali-ion diffusion.…”