A Double-Moment Multiple-Phase Four-Class Bulk Ice Scheme. Part II: Simulations of Convective Storms in Different Large-Scale Environments and Comparisons with other Bulk Parameterizations

Ferrier, Brad S.; Tao, Wei‐Kuo; Simpson, Joanne

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1001:admmpf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 138 publications

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“…It is double moment for ice, snow and graupel, in that it can predict both their mixing ratios and number concentrations. The ice scheme is based on Lin et al (1983), Rutledge andHobbs (1984), Ferrier (1994) and Ferrier et al (1995), with refinements from Flatau (1989), Swann (1996) and Swann (1998). The model allows supersaturation of the vapour field with respect to ice with ice being heterogeneously nucleated as a function of this, as based on the Meyers et al (1992) scheme.…”

Section: The Lem Cloud Resolving Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effect of overshooting deep convection on the water content of the TTL and lower stratosphere from Cloud Resolving Model simulations

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Simulations of overshooting, tropical deep convection using a Cloud Resolving Model with bulk microphysics are presented in order to examine the effect on the water content of the TTL (Tropical Tropopause Layer) and lower stratosphere. This case study is a subproject of the HIBISCUS (Impact of tropical convection on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at global scale) campaign, which took place in Bauru, Brazil (22 • S, 49 • W), from the end of January to early March 2004.Comparisons between 2-D and 3-D simulations suggest that the use of 3-D dynamics is vital in order to capture the mixing between the overshoot and the stratospheric air, which caused evaporation of ice and resulted in an overall moistening of the lower stratosphere. In contrast, a dehydrating effect was predicted by the 2-D simulation due to the extra time, allowed by the lack of mixing, for the ice transported to the region to precipitate out of the overshoot air.Three different strengths of convection are simulated in 3-D by applying successively lower heating rates (used to initiate the convection) in the boundary layer. Moistening is produced in all cases, indicating that convective vigour is not a factor in whether moistening or dehydration is produced by clouds that penetrate the tropopause, since the weakest case only just did so. An estimate of the moistening effect of these clouds on an air parcel traversing a convective region is made based on the domain mean simulated moistening and the frequency of convective events observed by the IPMet (Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista) radar (S-band type at 2.8 Ghz) to have the same 10 dBZ echo top height as those simulated. These suggest a fairly significant mean moistening of 0.26, 0.13 and 0.05 ppmv in the strongest, medium and weakest cases, respectively, for heights between 16 and 17 km. Since the cold point and WMO (World Meteorological Organization)Correspondence to: D. P. Grosvenor (daniel.grosvenor@manchester.ac.uk) tropopause in this region lies at ∼15.9 km, this is likely to represent direct stratospheric moistening. Much more moistening is predicted for the 15-16 km height range with increases of 0.85-2.8 ppmv predicted. However, it would be required that this air is lofted through the tropopause via the Brewer Dobson circulation in order for it to have a stratospheric effect. Whether this is likely is uncertain and, in addition, the dehydration of air as it passes through the cold trap and the number of times that trajectories sample convective regions needs to be taken into account to gauge the overall stratospheric effect. Nevertheless, the results suggest a potentially significant role for convection in determining the stratospheric water content.Sensitivity tests exploring the impact of increased aerosol numbers in the boundary layer suggest that a corresponding rise in cloud droplet numbers at cloud base would increase the number concentrations of the ice crystals transported to the TTL, which had the effect of reducing the...

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Section: The Lem Cloud Resolving Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effect of overshooting deep convection on the water content of the TTL and lower stratosphere from Cloud Resolving Model simulations

et al. 2007

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“…CC-BY 3.0 License. (Lim and Hong, 2010), MP16: WRF Double Moment 6-class Schemes (Lim and Hong, 2010), and MP95: Ferrier (Old Eta) (Ferrier et al, 1995); 3. Reisner et al (1998;RRB98) type-MP5: Ferrier (New Eta) Scheme (NOAA, 2001), MP7: Goddard Scheme (Tao et al, 1989), MP8: Thompson Scheme (Thompson et al, 2008), and MP28: AerosolAware Thompson Scheme (Gilmore et al, 2014); 5 4.…”

Section: Mp Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microphysics parameterization sensitivity of the WRF Model version 3.1.7 to extreme precipitation: evaluation of the 1997 New Year’s flood of California

Tan

2016

Preprint

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Abstract.Providing high accuracy in quantitative extreme precipitation forecasting (QEPF) is still a challenge. California is vulnerable to extreme precipitation, which occurs due to atmospheric rivers and might be more intense with climate change. Accordingly, this study is an attempt to evaluate the extreme precipitation forecasting performance of a QPF model, the Weather Research and Forecast 10 Model, version 3.1.7, for the extreme precipitation event that caused the 1997 New Year's flood in IntroductionThe IPCC noted that the magnitude, frequency, and duration of extreme events may increase as a result of climate change (2012). This impact could be significant for regions such as California where drought intensities also tend to increase and excessive amounts of precipitation should therefore be saved for future periods of drought. When drought causes these regions to take one step back, extreme 10 precipitation events can take them two steps forward. Hence, smart and new water management strategies should be developed to advance climate change adaptation. Some of the solutions might be related to improving the time and space problem of quantitative extreme precipitation forecasting (QEPF). The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) (Skamarock et al., 2008) has been widely used to increase resilience to extreme precipitation events in California (Jankov et al., 2007; 15 Jankov et al., 2009; Tan, 2010;Eiserloh and Chiao, 2014), which are closely correlated with atmospheric river events (Tan, 2010). Atmospheric rivers are also expected to increase in terms of both frequency and intensity with climate change (Dettinger, 2011). Generally, for precipitation simulations, a combination of the microphysical, cumulus parameterization and the planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes is mainly evaluated using the WRF Model, although all of the 20 parameterization schemes and processes have effects on precipitation occurrence. Moreover, microphysical schemes play a significant role if the horizontal resolution of the interested domain is finer than 9 km. Recent studies have been conducted for the evaluation of the microphysics schemes of the WRF Model with respect to winter precipitation in California, with a focus on atmospheric river phenomena (Jankov et al., 2007;Jankov et al., 2009; Tan, 2010;Jankov et al., 2011;Han et al., 2013), 25 which is the reason for the extreme precipitation that occurs along the West coast of the US (Zhu and Newell, 1998;Ralph et al., 2004; Tan, 2010;Houze, 2012). Jankov et al. (2007) Hereupon, the main goal of this study is to evaluate hourly quantitative extreme precipitation forecasting (QEPF) performance of the WRF Model for the most extreme atmospheric river event in the history of California. The 1997 New Year's flood, which occurred between December 26, 1996, and 20 January 3, 1997, has been ranked as the fifth of California's top 15 weather events in the 1900s (URL-1) and is still the major impactful atmospheric river event of the state. Thus, the 1997 New Year...

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“…A Kessler-type two-category liquid water (cloud water and rain) microphysical formulation is mainly used with a choice of two three-class ice formulations, namely that by Lin et al 1983 and the Lin scheme modified to adopt slower graupel fall speeds as reported by Rutledge and Hobbs 1984. An improved four-class, multiplemoment ice scheme has also been developed (Ferrier 1994) and tested for several convective systems in different geographic locations (Ferrier et al 1995). Recently, two detailed spectralbin microphysical schemes (Chen and Lamb 1999;Khain et al 2000) were also implemented into the GCE model.…”

Section: Gce Model Description and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallelization of the NASA Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model for Massively Parallel Computing

Juang¹,

Tao²,

Zeng³

et al. 2007

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Massively parallel computing, using a message passing interface (MPI), has been implemented into a three-dimensional version of the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model. The implementation uses the domainresemble concept to design a code structure for both the whole domain and sub-domains after decomposition. Instead of inserting a group of MPI related statements into the model routine, these statements are packed into a single routine. In other words, only a single call statement to the model code is utilized once in a place, thus there is minimal impact on the original code. Therefore, the model is easily modified and/or managed by the model developers and/or users, who have little knowledge of massively parallel computing.The model decomposition is highly flexible such that the entire model domain can be sliced into any number of partial domains in one-or twodimensional decomposition. Data exchange is through a halo-region, which is overlaid with neighboring partial domains. A halo-region is also known as a ghost-cell region. For reproducibility purposes, transposing data among tasks into different decompositions is required, such as Fourier transform and full domain summation.Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 18, No. 3, August 2007 594 The well-behaved performance of the implemented codes with anelastic and compressible versions on three different computing platforms indicates a successful implementation. The parallelization of both versions has speedup of 99% for up to 256 tasks. The anelastic version has better speedup and efficiency because its numerical algorithm is preferred by the parallelization than that of the compressible version.

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A Double-Moment Multiple-Phase Four-Class Bulk Ice Scheme. Part II: Simulations of Convective Storms in Different Large-Scale Environments and Comparisons with other Bulk Parameterizations

Cited by 138 publications

References 0 publications

A study of the effect of overshooting deep convection on the water content of the TTL and lower stratosphere from Cloud Resolving Model simulations

A study of the effect of overshooting deep convection on the water content of the TTL and lower stratosphere from Cloud Resolving Model simulations

Microphysics parameterization sensitivity of the WRF Model version 3.1.7 to extreme precipitation: evaluation of the 1997 New Year’s flood of California

Parallelization of the NASA Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model for Massively Parallel Computing

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