A double‐lined metasurface for plasmonic complex‐field generation

Song, Eui-Young; Lee, Seung‐Yeol; Hong, Jae‐Keun; Lee, Kyookeun; Lee, Yohan; Lee, Gun‐Yeal; Kim, Hwi; Lee, Byoungho

doi:10.1002/lpor.201500245

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Patterned nanorods or nanoslits with different shapes11 or orientations12 have been used to record the amplitude and phase information of virtual objects. Using metasurfaces can improve digital holography technology by instilling various functionalities, such as extremely high diffraction efficiency9, polarization dependent dual-image generation13, negative refractions14, and the arbitrary phase generation of surface field1516. However, active pixel-by-pixel control of phase retardation is quite difficult on a metasurface, as it requires geometrical changes of nanostructure, such as the individual rotation of each nanoslit.…”

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confidence: 99%

Holographic image generation with a thin-film resonance caused by chalcogenide phase-change material

Lee

Kim

Cho

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The development of digital holography is anticipated for the viewing of 3D images by reconstructing both the amplitude and phase information of the object. Compared to analog holograms written by a laser interference, digital hologram technology has the potential to realize a moving 3D image using a spatial light modulator. However, to ensure a high-resolution 3D image with a large viewing angle, the hologram panel requires a near-wavelength scale pixel pitch with a sufficient large numbers of pixels. In this manuscript, we demonstrate a digital hologram panel based on a chalcogenide phase-change material (PCM) which has a pixel pitch of 1 μm and a panel size of 1.6 × 1.6 cm2. A thin film of PCM encapsulated by dielectric layers can be used for the hologram panel by means of excimer laser lithography. By tuning the thicknesses of upper and lower dielectric layers, a color-selective diffraction panel is demonstrated since a thin film resonance caused by dielectric can affect to the absorption and diffraction spectrum of the proposed hologram panel. We also show reflection color of a small active region (1 μm × 4 μm) made by ultra-thin PCM layer can be electrically changed.

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Holographic image generation with a thin-film resonance caused by chalcogenide phase-change material

Lee

Kim

Cho

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…As schematically shown in Figure c, if we carefully design the phase distribution of each row of the CRs along the x ‐direction to satisfy

\frac{d φ}{d x} = k_{SP}

and meanwhile tailor each column of CRs along the y ‐direction with the desired value of

\frac{d φ}{d y}

, SP coupling and anomalous SP launching could thus be simultaneously achieved. In addition, if the spatial control of SP amplitude can also be manipulated, more complex SP launching can be achieved …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, subwavelength metallic slit resonators are among the most commonly used unit elements in designing metasurfaces for SP manipulation. Since the locations and orientations of the slit resonators can be carefully chosen using the iterative algorithm, holographic principle, Pancharatnam–Berry (P–B) phase concept, or coupled mode theory, such metasurfaces have shown excellent flexibilities to steer the wavefront of the coupled SPs. However, due to the dipole response of a single slit resonator, the basic unit elements in these metasurfaces are normally arranged at a distance of about one wavelength, and such a small duty cycle significantly limits the conversion efficiency of SPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Metacoupler for Complex Surface Plasmon Launching

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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simultaneously. [5][6][7] Controlling the wavefront of SPs, although challenging, is highly required in enabling a variety of functional SP devices. [8] In early studies, much attention has been paid to the control of propagating SPs, where free-space light is first coupled to SPs, and then the wavefront of SPs can be manipulated by diffraction units, [9][10][11] patterned gratings, [12,13] or transformation optics. [14,15] In order to support the ever-increasing demand in both research and applications of plasmonics, and to bring it to the next level, the exploration for new approaches to steering SPs in the launching process has thus been an intrigued research topic, which could significantly simplify the design and fabrication of most integrated plasmonic devices.Recently, metasurfaces have emerged as an ideal tool for fine control of SPs through the design of suitable subwavelength meta-atoms and the prescribed arrangement of their spatial distributions. [16,17] In particular, subwavelength metallic slit resonators are among the most commonly used unit elements in designing metasurfaces for SP manipulation. Since the locations and orientations of the slit resonators can be carefully chosen using the iterative algorithm, [18] holographic principle, [19,20] Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase concept, [21][22][23] or coupled mode theory, [24,25] such metasurfaces have shown excellent flexibilities to steer the wavefront of the coupled SPs. However, due to the dipole response of a single slit resonator, the basic unit elements in these metasurfaces are normally arranged at a distance of about one wavelength, and such a small duty cycle significantly limits the conversion efficiency of SPs. On the other hand, innovative metasurfaces with abrupt phase discontinuities have shown unprecedented capabilities of manipulating electromagnetic waves, [26][27][28] and thus become the current interest and are being actively explored. [29][30][31] In particular, it has been demonstrated that the momentum difference between free-space light and SPs can be matched by properly arranging the phase discontinuity gradient. [27,32] In conjunction with reflection-type phase discontinuity units, a series of high-efficiency SP couplers have been reported. [27,[33][34][35] However, the conversion efficiency of such couplers decreases significantly as the excitation range increases. [36] That is because the converted driven surface waves are not an eigen mode of the metasurface, and thus, they experience significant scattering before coupling out of the Surface plasmons (SPs) promise versatile potential applications in many aspects and thus have been a subject of enormous interest. As the most essential functionality, efficient coupling of free-space light into complex SP field is of particular interest in current research. Most existing methods only focus on either efficient coupling or complex SP field generation, which is insufficient to support the ever-increasing demand of practical applications. Herein, it is demonstrated both theoreti...

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“…Such flexible control enables the two spins to work together in a coherent way to make motion pictures played by varying the phase difference between the two spins. Similarly, many other SPP manipulation effects were achieved based on phase matching between SPPs scattered by different nanostructures such as grooves, slits, and V‐antennas …”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Efficiency Metasurfaces: Principles, Realizations, and Applications

Sun

Xiao

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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application demands in different aspects, such as information communications, national defenses, security and sensing, and energy utilizations. A key scientific issue, commonly requested in all those applications, is how to efficiently control EM waves at will based on devices/systems with physical sizes as miniaturized as possible. Conventional devices (such as lens, mirror, polarizer, etc.) to control EM waves are made by naturally existing dielectric materials. However, since these materials possess very limited variation range of permittivity, conventional devices typically exhibit bulky sizes and curved shapes to ensure enough propagating phases accumulated to achieve certain functionality. In addition, conventional devices do not necessarily exhibit high working efficiencies, due to the impedance-mismatch issues caused by lacking magnetic responses in natural materials.Metamaterials (MTMs), 3D artificial materials composed by array of subwavelength microstructures (e.g., "metaatoms") with tailored EM responses, provide the possibility to solve the above grand challenges. Through careful structural tuning, MTMs can in principle be designed to exhibit arbitrary values of permittivity ε and permeability μ, and thus they exhibit significantly strengthened capabilities to control EM waves, generating many fascinating wave-manipulation effects not achievable with naturally existing materials. [1][2][3][4][5][6] However, despite of great successes already achieved, applications of the new concepts proposed based on 3D MTMs are hampered by the device sizes, losses in metallic structures, and fabrication challenges of complex 3D MTM structures.Metasurfaces are probably the best candidate to solve the issues of 3D MTMs. Simply speaking, metasurfaces can be viewed as the 2D version of MTMs, which are constructed by planar meta-atoms with purposely selected EM responses arranged in some specific orders. However, the working principles of metasurfaces are quite different from that of 3D MTMs in controlling EM waves. Whereas typically 3D MTMs still reply on manipulating the propagating phases inside the bulk media to realize certain wave-control effects, metasurfaces largely utilize the abrupt phase changes on the structure surfaces for transmitted or reflected waves. In general, tailoring the spatial inhomogeneity of metasurfaces to make them exhibit certain predetermined phase distributions for transmitted or reflected wave, one can use them to efficiently reshape the wave-fronts of Metasurfaces are planar metamaterials exhibiting certain inhomogeneous phase distributions for transmitted or reflected waves, which can efficiently reshape the wave-fronts of incident beams in desired manners based on the Huygens principle. Due to their exotic abilities to freely manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves on a flat and ultrathin platform, metasurfaces have attracted intensive attention recently, resulting in numerous new concepts and effects that could possibly find applications in many different aspects. In this article, the k...

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A double‐lined metasurface for plasmonic complex‐field generation

Cited by 40 publications

References 44 publications

Holographic image generation with a thin-film resonance caused by chalcogenide phase-change material

Holographic image generation with a thin-film resonance caused by chalcogenide phase-change material

Efficient Metacoupler for Complex Surface Plasmon Launching

High‐Efficiency Metasurfaces: Principles, Realizations, and Applications

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