A double hollow rectangular‐shaped patch and with the slotted ground plane monopole wideband antenna for microwave head imaging applications

Abstract

This paper introduces a lightweight wideband planar antenna with an antenna array configuration for microwave head imaging. The designed antenna is composed of a double hollow rectangular-shaped patch and with the slotted ground. Its measurements are small: 0.28λ Â 0.24λ Â 0.006λ, where λ is the lowest operating frequency's wavelength. The design process has been completed using CST and then fine-tune the parameters of the architecture structure to accomplish the ideal bandwidth. The antenna is manufactured and measured in order to test antenna properties. The prototype was being used for brain screening than with the Hugo-head model. With adequate impedance matching, the antenna meets an operational bandwidth of 1.82 GHz (1.22-3.04 GHz) with an overall peak gain of 5 dBi with a stable radiation property.Fidelity factors both for face-to-face and side by side alignment are 92.7% and 83.75%, respectively, indicating that the antenna had a little signal interruption. To determine the backscattered signals of the antenna with Hugo-head phantom, a nine-antenna array-based setup is assumed, with one antenna serving as a transmitter and the remaining eight receiving the dispersed signals.

Slotted Monopole Patch Antenna for Microwave-Based Head Imaging Applications

“…Moreover, results show a difference between the normal head and between the two types of strokes over the operating frequency range, reaching more than 0.4 dB at 1.2 GHz. Though the difference is less pronounced, consistent with other published studies [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], this finding reveals the capability of microwave imaging in differentiating between the normal and abnormal heads, and we assume that this difference will be more obvious when using more antennas and multiple head layers.…”

“…These SAR values were measured at the region of the stoke inside the head model. Furthermore, in all three cases, the maximum SAR value of the whole head model was 0.1409 W/kg, which is less than the magnitude of the IEEE public radiation exposure limit of 1.6 W/kg [ 23 , 35 ]. It is also less than values published in the literature, namely, 0.608 W/kg in [ 19 ], below 0.8 W/kg at 20 mm distance in [ 41 ], and below 0.5 W/kg for wearable antenna systems for medical diagnostics reported in [ 42 ].…”

“…A compact 3D UWB antenna has been fabricated with operational frequencies from 1.1 to 2.2 GHz, with a 67% fractional bandwidth [ 22 ]. A recent study proposed a wide-frequency-range antenna with a 1.82 GHz operational bandwidth and peak gain of 5 dBi [ 23 ]. Another study proposed an UWB antenna with a frequency bandwidth of 2.37 GHz, peak gain of 5.95 GHz, and fidelity factor over 90% [ 24 ].…”

Design of compact fractal patch antenna for X/Ku/K‐band applications

“…The time‐domain performance of broadband antennas is very essential to characterize the pulsed shaping property. Also, basic parameters such as group delay, isolation, and phase response properties are needed to be calculated 23–25 . Therefore, in the CST‐MWS software environment two different conditions are carried out: (i) Face‐to‐Face (FF) (ii) Side‐by‐Side (SS).…”

“…In this view of consideration, many compact UWB antenna design structures have been presented in the literature 10–27 . Khandelwal et al 10 analyzed and designed a wideband microstrip fed line antenna with defected ground structure topology for Ku‐band applications.…”