A double end fault location technique for distribution systems based on fault-generated transients

Abstract

A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Abstract-This paper presents a fault location technique for distribution systems. It is a two end impedance based technique that uses the fault generated transients to estimate the fault distance over a broad range of frequencies. Then, curve fitting is applied to find the final estimated fault distance. Firstly, the paper introduces the method for the system represented as a lumped RL model. Then, generalized to consider the distribution line capacitance. The technique accounts for presence of loading taps, heterogeneous feeder sections, single phase, two phase and three phase loads and unbalance in distribution system. Single line to ground, line to line, and three phase faults are considered at different fault resistance values up to 100 Ω. Also, the effect of fault inception angle and resolution of analogue to digital converter is investigated. IEEE 34 nodes system is used to evaluate the proposed method.

A new single end wideband impedance based fault location scheme for distribution systems

“…The relationship between the voltage and current at the start and end of the line section is given by (16) and the relationship between the voltage and current at the end of the line section is given by (17). Substituting (17) in to (16), the equivalent impedance Z eq(m) can be obtained as (18).…”

“…For example in [11], after applying an impedance based method to estimate the candidate fault points, information from smart meters is used to build a low voltage zone noting that the fault causes the highest drop in voltage at the fault zone. The high frequency transients generated by the fault have also been used to establish "wideband" impedance based techniques that work at non-fundamental frequencies [15][16][17][18][19]-unlike traditional impedance based methods that use fundamental frequency analysis. This high frequency analysis means that the method requires only a short period of data.…”

“…A double end method that uses synchronized measurements at both feeder ends and considers inductive coupling and capacitance of the lines has been presented in [18,19]. From [15][16][17][18][19], it can be concluded that the wideband impedance based approach can be a viable technique, but further research is required to adapt it to large and complex distribution systems.…”

A Wideband Fault Location Scheme for Active Distribution Systems

“…System disconnection is not necessary for temporary faults and the ability to locate temporary faults helps in defining the weak spots in the system to help in rescheduling maintenance. System analysis at non-fundamental frequencies has been utilized for fault location in [14]- [18]. The effect of inductive and capacitive coupling of the lines has been totally ignored in [14]- [16].…”

“…In [17], the inductive coupling has been considered however, the capacitance of the line has been ignored. In [18], the method considers both line inductive and capacitive coupling by modelling the line as π model, however it has been developed for systems without distributed generation. In this paper, the WBFL scheme will be derived considering the distributed parameter line model which is more generic, and therefore more suitable for transmission and distribution systems.…”