A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Lithium in Hospitalized Aggressive Children and Adolescents With Conduct Disorder

Malone, Richard P.; Delaney, Mary Anne; Luebbert, James F.; Cater, Jacqueline; Campbell, Magda

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.7.649

Cited by 242 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…One significant problem characteristic of a majority of these studies is that drugs used to study human aggression often times lack receptor specificity, thus confounding interpretation of the data in terms of the relationship of a specific receptorneurotrans-mitter systems to a given form of behavioral modification. Examples of such drugs which lack receptor specificity include lithium [64,65], olanzapine [104] and serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which include, among others, fluoxetine [20,22,23]. A second issue is the nature of experimental and control populations used for these studies.…”

Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurobiological Bases for Development of Pharmacological Treatments of Aggressive Disorders

Siegel

Bhatt²,

Bhatt³

et al. 2007

123

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Violence and aggression are major causes of death and injury, thus constituting primary public health problems throughout much of the world costing billions of dollars to society. The present review relates our understanding of the neurobiology of aggression and rage to pharmacological treatment strategies that have been utilized and those which may be applied in the future. Knowledge of the neural mechanisms governing aggression and rage is derived from studies in cat and rodents. The primary brain structures involved in the expression of rage behavior include the hypothalamus and midbrain periaqueductal gray. Limbic structures, which include amygdala, hippocampal formation, septal area, prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus serve important modulating functions. Excitatory neurotransmitters that potentiate rage behavior include excitatory amino acids, substance P, catecholamines, cholecystokinin, vasopressin, and serotonin that act through 5-HT2 receptors. Inhibitory neurotransmitters include GABA, enkephalins, and serotonin that act through 5-HT1 receptors. Recent studies have demonstrated that brain cytokines, including IL-1 and IL-2, powerfully modulate rage behavior. IL-1 exerts its actions by acting through 5-HT2 receptors, while IL-2 acts through GABAA or NK1 receptors. Pharmacological treatment strategies utilized for control of violent behavior have met with varying degrees of success. The most common approach has been to apply serotonergic compounds. Others included the application of antipsychotic, GABAergic (anti-epileptic) and dopaminergic drugs. Present and futures studies on the neurobiology of aggression may provide the basis for new and novel treatment strategies for the control of aggression and violence as well as the continuation of existing pharmacological approaches.

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Section: Methodological Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurobiological Bases for Development of Pharmacological Treatments of Aggressive Disorders

Siegel

Bhatt²,

Bhatt³

et al. 2007

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, this research is consistent with the view that mania may be associated with increased left frontal activity and increased approach tendencies, because the approach motivation functions of the left frontal cortex are released and not restrained by the withdrawal system in the right frontal cortex. Furthermore, lithium carbonate, a treatment for bipolar disorder, reduces aggression (Malone, Delaney, Luebbert, Cater, & Campbell, 2000), suggesting that anger and aggression correlate with other symptoms of bipolar disorder.…”

Section: Individual Differences Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Clarifying the emotive functions of asymmetrical frontal cortical activity

2003

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Asymmetrical activity over the frontal cortex has been implicated in the experience and expression of emotions and motivations. Explanations of the research have suggested that relatively greater left frontal activity is associated with positive affect and/or approach motivation, and that relatively greater right frontal activity is associated with negative affect and/or withdrawal motivation. In past research, affective valence and motivational direction were confounded, as only positive (negative) affects that were associated with approach (withdrawal) motivation were examined. Consequently, this research is unable to address whether asymmetrical frontal activity is associated with affective valence, motivational direction, or some combination of valence and motivation. In this article, I review research on the emotion of anger, a negative emotion often associated with approach motivation, that suggests that asymmetrical frontal cortical activity is due to motivational direction and not affective valence. Methodological and theoretical implications for the study of the frontal asymmetry specifically, and for emotion and motivation more generally, are discussed.

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“…These results are consistent with the hypothesis that mania may be associated with increased left frontal activity and increased approach tendencies, because of the approach motivation functions of the left frontal cortex, which are released and not restrained by the withdrawal system in the right frontal cortex. Furthermore, the fact that lithium carbonate treatment for bipolar disorder reduces aggression (Malone et al, 2000), also suggests that anger and aggression correlate in bipolar disorder. On the other side, trait anger has been found to relate to high levels of assertiveness and competitiveness (Buss & Perry, 1992).…”

Section: Emotional Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggression and brain asymmetries: A theoretical review

Rohlfs

Ramírez

2006

Aggression and Violent Behavior

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The relationship between aggression and brain asymmetries has not been studied enough. The association between both concepts can be approached from two different perspectives. One perspective points to brain asymmetries underlying the emotion of anger and consequently aggression in normal people. Another one is concerned with the existence of brain asymmetries in aggressive people (e.g., in the case of suicides or psychopathies). Research on emotional processing points out the confusion between emotional valence (positive-negative) and motivational direction (approach-withdrawal). Because of this, it is not clear whether the frontal asymmetry reflects the valence of the emotion, the direction of the motivation, or a combination of valence and motivation. Appetitive motivations are not always associated with positive affects. Anger (a negative emotion) has been associated with approach motivation and with aggression. Relative left-prefrontal activity is associated with state anger and with aggression. This information would lead to the conclusion that the more violent a culture, the higher the relative proportion of the right-handers. On the other side, there is an exaggerated structural asymmetry in the anterior hippocampus (R>L) in unsuccessful psychopaths. In suicidal persons, the functional insufficiency of the right hemisphere produces a compensatory shift to left hemisphere information processing, showing a reversed asymmetry of typical traits for suicidal people. These findings suggest, therefore, the existence of a certain correlation between brain asymmetries and human aggression.

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A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Lithium in Hospitalized Aggressive Children and Adolescents With Conduct Disorder

Abstract: Lithium is a safe and effective short-term treatment for aggression in inpatients with conduct disorder, although its use is associated with adverse effects.

Cited by 242 publications

References 40 publications

The Neurobiological Bases for Development of Pharmacological Treatments of Aggressive Disorders

The Neurobiological Bases for Development of Pharmacological Treatments of Aggressive Disorders

Clarifying the emotive functions of asymmetrical frontal cortical activity

Aggression and brain asymmetries: A theoretical review

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