A dose-ranging trial of a matrix transdermal 17β-estradiol for the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women

Markers of Bone Turnover for Monitoring Treatment of Osteoporosis with Antiresorptive Drugs

“…A clear dose-dependent decrease has been demonstrated with a matrix transdermal patch [13,36]. The mean percentage change in urinary CTX was 739% with 25 mg, 744% with 50 mg and 764% with 75 mg, contrasting with a nonsigni®cant 11% increase in the placebo group.…”

“…The CV ranges from 0.9% at the lumbar spine and total area of the hip in early postmenopausal women to 1.9% and 2.5% at the spine and total hip respectively in elderly women [10]. Various cut-offs for individual signi®cant changes in BMD have been suggested, including 2% [11], 2 6 CV, i.e., 1.8±2.3% at the spine and 3.2% at the femoral neck [12,13] and 2H2 6 CV [14], a conservative de®nition that requires individual changes greater than 5±8% at the spine and hip respectively in late postmenopausal women. In addition, based on the observation that the variability of measurement is independent of the BMD level, it has been suggested that the cut-off should be based on the standard deviation (SD) only and not on the SD/mean ratio.…”

Drug delivery systems for oestrogenic hormones and antagonists: the need for selective targeting in estradiol-dependent cancers

“…Oestrogen exerts a positive effect on bone metabolism through the modulation of cytokine including transforming growth factor beta function [81]. Many prospective randomised studies have demonstrated that HRT reduces or reverses the post-menopausal bone loss, but substantial prospective data on the effect on osteoporotic fractures are missing [50,[82][83][84][85][86]. The epidemiologic evidence that HRT prevents osteoporotic fracture is substantial but the epidemiological data have to be interpreted with care.…”

Efficacy of Estradiol for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders in Perimenopausal Women

“…18,35,36 Although mounting evidence indicates that estrogen influences neuronal function via serotonergic-, noradrenergic-, dopaminergic-, and ␥-aminobutyric-mediated systems, 37-39 a mechanism by which estradiol may have an antidepressant effect remains unclear.…”