A DOPO-based phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant bio-based epoxy resin from diphenolic acid: Synthesis, flame-retardant behavior and mechanism

Chi, Zhiyuan; Guo, Zongwei; Xu, Zice; Zhang, Mengjie; Li, Ming; Shang, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109151

Cited by 198 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The decrease in the av‐EHC and increase in the av‐COY indicated an increase in the incomplete combustion of the EP/4‐FPO‐0.6. The increase in the incomplete combustion could be attributed to the release of PO· and phenoxy free radicals, which quenched H· and OH·, thereby having a quenching effect in the gas phase 38–40 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A (4‐fluorophenyl)(phenyl)phosphine oxide‐modified epoxy resin with improved flame‐retardancy, hydrophobicity, and dielectric properties

Duan

Leng

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The compound (4‐fluorophenyl)(phenyl) phosphine oxide (4‐FPO) was designed, synthesized, and used in the modification of epoxy resin (EP). The 4‐FPO‐modified EP was prepared by curing the reaction mixture of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 4‐FPO in the presence of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). Compared with the unmodified EP, the limiting oxygen index value of the EP/4‐FPO‐0.6 (4‐FPO‐modified EP with 0.6 wt% of phosphorus) increased to 31.6%, and the sample achieved UL‐94 V‐0 rating. The peak of the heat release rate, average of the heat release rate, and total heat release of EP/4‐FPO‐0.6 were reduced by 39, 24, and 19%, respectively. Mechanism study showed that the quenching effect in the gas and barrier effect in the condensed phase were responsible for the enhanced flame‐retardant properties of the 4‐FPO‐modified EP. The results showed that hydrophobicity and dielectric properties of the modified EP were clearly improved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A (4‐fluorophenyl)(phenyl)phosphine oxide‐modified epoxy resin with improved flame‐retardancy, hydrophobicity, and dielectric properties

Duan

Leng

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…[98] In this regard, 4,4'-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid or diphenolic acid (DPA) is considered a suitable replacement for BPA having comparable structure and reactivity. [99][100][101] In addition, DPA has applications in lubricants, adhesives, and paints. [102] Interestingly, DPA had a sizeable market share before being superseded by BPA, largely due to the inexpensive character of the latter.…”

Section: La To Dpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Value Addition of Biomass‐Derived Levulinic Acid: A Review Focusing on its Chemical Reactivity Patterns

Dutta

Bhat

2021

ChemCatChem

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Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the most prominent biomass‐derived chemical building blocks that can be transformed into specialty chemicals like fuels, solvents, monomers for polymers, plasticizers, surfactants, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Over the past three decades, an enormous amount of research data have been acquired on the preparation and downstream value addition of LA, and these works have been reviewed. However, considering the astonishing number of publications appearing every year on LA derivatives, the periodical review of recent works focusing on unique aspects of chemistry must be undertaken to critically evaluate the achievements to date, reassess the challenges, and recognize new opportunities. This review discusses the chemical‐catalytic synthesis of various derivatives of LA by focusing on its functionalities and reactivity patterns. Recent literature on some crucial derivatives such as γ‐valerolactone, 4,4’‐diphenolic acid, and ethyl levulinate have been tabulated and discussed. The synthetic interconversion between various derivatives, mechanistic insights, critical analysis of the reaction parameters toward selective preparation of various derivatives, and their potential commercial applications have been elaborated using predominantly heterogeneous catalysts. A critical assessment of the relative advantages and shortcomings of the existing synthetic strategies for various derivatives of LA has been presented to enkindle fresh ideas.

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“…104 By contrast, the resin bearing DOPO moiety exhibited better flame retardancy, when DOPO derivative was used for coupling bisphenol acid, the resin showed excellent fireproofing performance (LOI as high as 42.3%). 105 Coatings and composites are major downstream applications of epoxy resins, and different kinds of biobased epoxy resins were studied as resin matrix, such as 2,5-furandimethanol, 106 resorcinol, 107 and gallic acid. [108][109][110] Among them, the carbon nanotubes or graphene reinforced gallic acid-based epoxy resin was proved to possess better mechanical properties, excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.…”

Section: S C H E M Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent development on bio‐based thermosetting resins

Liu

Zhang

Shun

et al. 2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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Due to the rapid depletion of crude oil and serious environmental pollution, the synthesis of polymers from renewable resource is becoming more and more important. Up to now, a great variety of biomass and bio-based platform compounds have been taken to prepare the polymers. However, as two representative thermosetting resins, epoxy and benzoxazine resin derived from renewable feedstocks only obtain limited attention compared with the popular bio-based plastics, including PLA, PBAT and PHBV etc. The reason might be that the properties of previously reported thermosetting resins directly obtained from biomass are usually unsatisfied, and their application fields are limited. In this paper, the latest development on the synthesis of highperformance bio-based epoxy and polybenzoxazine resins are reviewed. In addition, to further broaden their applications, the functionalization strategies are also summarized. The objective of this work is to help us fully aware the present situation of bio-based thermosetting resins and then promote their faster development, especially practical application.

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A DOPO-based phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant bio-based epoxy resin from diphenolic acid: Synthesis, flame-retardant behavior and mechanism

Cited by 198 publications

References 53 publications

A (4‐fluorophenyl)(phenyl)phosphine oxide‐modified epoxy resin with improved flame‐retardancy, hydrophobicity, and dielectric properties

A (4‐fluorophenyl)(phenyl)phosphine oxide‐modified epoxy resin with improved flame‐retardancy, hydrophobicity, and dielectric properties

Recent Advances in the Value Addition of Biomass‐Derived Levulinic Acid: A Review Focusing on its Chemical Reactivity Patterns

Recent development on bio‐based thermosetting resins

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