A dominant negative approach to reduce xylan in plants

Brandon, Andrew G; Birdseye, Devon; Scheller, Henrik Vibe

doi:10.1111/pbi.13198

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Analogies with similar GT-B structures implicated this residue in donor substrate binding. Interestingly, the importance of the equivalent residue (Glu293) in GT47 member IRX10—a xylan backbone β1,4-xylosyltransferase from Arabidopsis 59 —has recently been demonstrated by showing that the ectopic expression of an IRX10 E293Q mutant abrogates xylan synthesis in a dominant-negative fashion 60 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of EXTL3 helps to explain the different roles of bi-domain exostosins in heparan sulfate synthesis

et al. 2022

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Heparan sulfate is a highly modified O-linked glycan that performs diverse physiological roles in animal tissues. Though quickly modified, it is initially synthesised as a polysaccharide of alternating β-d-glucuronosyl and N-acetyl-α-d-glucosaminyl residues by exostosins. These enzymes generally possess two glycosyltransferase domains (GT47 and GT64)—each thought to add one type of monosaccharide unit to the backbone. Although previous structures of murine exostosin-like 2 (EXTL2) provide insight into the GT64 domain, the rest of the bi-domain architecture is yet to be characterised; hence, how the two domains co-operate is unknown. Here, we report the structure of human exostosin-like 3 (EXTL3) in apo and UDP-bound forms. We explain the ineffectiveness of EXTL3’s GT47 domain to transfer β-d-glucuronosyl units, and we observe that, in general, the bi-domain architecture would preclude a processive mechanism of backbone extension. We therefore propose that heparan sulfate backbone polymerisation occurs by a simple dissociative mechanism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of EXTL3 helps to explain the different roles of bi-domain exostosins in heparan sulfate synthesis

et al. 2022

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“…During biomass processing in a biorefinery, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and soluble sugars can be converted to monosaccharides, which can then be utilized as a carbon source by microbes. Most microbes preferentially use hexose sugars (such as the glucose in cellulose) over pentose sugars (such as the xylose and arabinose in xylan), so biomass with a high hexose:pentose ratio, namely reduced xylan, is preferable (Brandon et al, 2020). Branched hemicelluloses such as xylan require multiple enzymes to hydrolyze them to monosaccharides, so hemicelluloses with fewer branches, or altered branch frequency, may also be preferable (Gao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Target Traits For Biomass Improvement: the Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and challenges in sorghum biotechnology, a multipurpose feedstock for the bioeconomy

Silva

Thomas

Dahlberg

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most important cereal crop globally by harvested area and production. Its drought and heat tolerance allow high yields with minimal input. It is a promising biomass crop for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. In addition, as an annual diploid with a relatively small genome compared to other C4 grasses, and excellent germplasm diversity, sorghum is an excellent research species for other C4 crops such as maize. As a result, an increasing number of researchers are looking to test the transferability of findings from other organisms such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon to sorghum, as well as to engineer new biomass sorghum varieties. Here, we provide an overview of sorghum as a multipurpose feedstock crop which can support the growing bioeconomy, and monocot research model system. We review what makes sorghum such a successful crop and identify some key traits for future improvement. We assess recent progress in sorghum transformation and highlight how transformation limitations still restrict its widespread adoption. Finally, we summarize available sorghum genetic, genomic, and bioinformatics resources. This review is intended for researchers new to sorghum research, as well as those wishing to include non-food and forage applications into their research.

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“…Xylan contributes to difficulties associated with second-generation biofuel production, in part because of the five-carbon (C 5 ) sugar monomers. Fermentation of xylose is an arduous process since yeast lack the natural ability to ferment C 5 sugars (Rennie and Scheller, 2014 ) and C 5 sugars inhibit the reaction that ferments six-carbon (C 6 ) sugars (Brandon et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Biofuels and Cell Wall Recalcitrancementioning

confidence: 99%

Pectin and Xylan Biosynthesis in Poplar: Implications and Opportunities for Biofuels Production

Schultz

Coleman

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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A potential method by which society's reliance on fossil fuels can be lessened is via the large-scale utilization of biofuels derived from the secondary cell walls of woody plants; however, there remain a number of technical challenges to the large-scale production of biofuels. Many of these challenges emerge from the underlying complexity of the secondary cell wall. The challenges associated with lignin have been well explored elsewhere, but the dicot cell wall components of hemicellulose and pectin also present a number of difficulties. Here, we provide an overview of the research wherein pectin and xylan biosynthesis has been altered, along with investigations on the function of irregular xylem 8 (IRX8) and glycosyltransferase 8D (GT8D), genes putatively involved in xylan and pectin synthesis. Additionally, we provide an analysis of the evidence in support of two hypotheses regarding GT8D and conclude that while there is evidence to lend credence to these hypotheses, there are still questions that require further research and examination.

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A dominant negative approach to reduce xylan in plants

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

The structure of EXTL3 helps to explain the different roles of bi-domain exostosins in heparan sulfate synthesis

The structure of EXTL3 helps to explain the different roles of bi-domain exostosins in heparan sulfate synthesis

Progress and challenges in sorghum biotechnology, a multipurpose feedstock for the bioeconomy

Pectin and Xylan Biosynthesis in Poplar: Implications and Opportunities for Biofuels Production

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