A dominant mutant receptor from Arabidopsis confers ethylene insensitivity in heterologous plants

Wilkinson, Jack Q.; Lanahan, Michael B.; Clark, David G.; Bleecker, Anthony B.; Chang, Caren; Meyerowitz, Elliot M.; Klee, Harry J.

doi:10.1038/nbt0597-444

Cited by 288 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…van Loon (Utrecht University). Because of the dominant character of the etr1 mutation, transformation with this gene leads to almost complete ethylene insensitivity even in heterologous plants (Wilkinson et al, 1997;Knoester et al, 1998). The specific ethylene response of the control and of ethylene-insensitive lines used in this article has been extensively characterized at different life times and in various tissues, showing that the response to ethylene was almost completely abolished in these plants (Knoester et al, 1998;Pierik et al, 2003;Tholen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Seedling Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Insensitivity Results in Down-Regulation of Rubisco Expression and Photosynthetic Capacity in Tobacco

et al. 2007

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Little is known about the effect of hormones on the photosynthetic process. Therefore, we studied Rubisco content and expression along with gas exchange parameters in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants that are not able to sense ethylene. We also tested for a possible interaction between ethylene insensitivity, abscisic acid (ABA), and sugar feedback on photosynthesis. We measured Rubisco content in seedlings grown in agar with or without added sugar and fluridone, and Rubisco expression in hydroponically grown vegetative plants grown at low and high CO 2 . Furthermore, we analyzed gas exchange and the photosynthetic machinery of transformants and wild-type plants grown under standard conditions. In the presence of exogenous glucose (Glc), agar-grown seedlings of the ethylene-insensitive genotype had lower amounts of Rubisco per unit leaf area than the wild type. No differences in Rubisco content were found between ethylene-insensitive and wild-type seedlings treated with fluridone, suggesting that inhibition of ABA production nullified the effect of Glc application. When larger, vegetative plants were grown at different atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, a negative correlation was found between Glc concentration in the leaves and Rubisco gene expression, with stronger repression by high Glc concentrations in ethyleneinsensitive plants. Ethylene insensitivity resulted in plants with comparable fractions of nitrogen invested in light harvesting, but lower amounts in electron transport and Rubisco. Consequently, photosynthetic capacity of the insensitive genotype was clearly lower compared with the wild type. We conclude that the inability to perceive ethylene results in increased sensitivity to Glc, which may be mediated by a higher ABA concentration. This increased sensitivity to endogenous Glc has negative consequences for Rubisco content and photosynthetic capacity of these plants.

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Section: Seedling Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Insensitivity Results in Down-Regulation of Rubisco Expression and Photosynthetic Capacity in Tobacco

et al. 2007

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“…The negative feedback regulation of ethylene biosynthesis at the molecular level has been reported in winter squash fruit (Nakajima et al, 1990), mung bean seedlings Yoon et al, 1997), transgenic petunia flowers (Wilkinson et al, 1997), and leaves of the tomato cv Never ripe (Lund et al, 1998). Although it has been suggested that different ACC synthases may be involved in the two systems of ethylene production (McGlasson, 1985), it has not been clarified which members of the ACC synthase and/or ACC oxidase gene families are responsible for system 1 ethylene synthesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Expression and Internal Feedback Regulation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase, and Ethylene Receptor Genes in Tomato Fruit during Development and Ripening

et al. 1998

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We investigated the feedback regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit with respect to the transition from system 1 to system 2 ethylene production. The abundance of LE-ACS2, LE-ACS4, and NR mRNAs increased in the ripening fruit concomitant with a burst in ethylene production. These increases in mRNAs with ripening were prevented to a large extent by treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor. Transcripts for the LE-ACS6 gene, which accumulated in preclimacteric fruit but not in untreated ripening fruit, did accumulate in ripening fruit treated with MCP. Treatment of young fruit with propylene prevented the accumulation of transcripts for this gene. LE-ACS1A, LE-ACS3, and TAE1 genes were expressed constitutively in the fruit throughout development and ripening irrespective of whether the fruit was treated with MCP or propylene. The transcripts for LE-ACO1 and LE-ACO4 genes already existed in preclimacteric fruit and increased greatly when ripening commenced. These increases in LE-ACO mRNA with ripening were also prevented by treatment with MCP. The results suggest that in tomato fruit the preclimacteric system 1 ethylene is possibly mediated via constitutively expressed LE-ACS1A and LE-ACS3 and negatively feedback-regulated LE-ACS6 genes with preexisting LE-ACO1 and LE-ACO4 mRNAs. At the onset of the climacteric stage, it shifts to system 2 ethylene, with a large accumulation of LE-ACS2, LE-ACS4, LE-ACO1, and LE-ACO4 mRNAs as a result of a positive feedback regulation. This transition from system 1 to system 2 ethylene production might be related to the accumulated level of NR mRNA.

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“…In the etr1 mutant, ethylene binding to the receptor is lost, and because of the dominant nature of the mutant alleles, this renders the plant insensitive to ethylene (18). In species less amenable to mutant screens, including trees, heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis etr1-1 mutant allele has been used to construct ethyleneinsensitive plants to explore the function of endogenous ethylene (19)(20)(21)(22).We have used a transgenic approach to generate ethyleneoverproducing and ethylene-insensitive Populus trees. Together with experiments using the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (23), our results demonstrate that ethylene stimulates cambial growth by acting through ethylene receptors, and that endogenous ethylene produced in leaning trees is a key regulator for the asymmetrical cambial growth in the TW response.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ethylene is an endogenous stimulator of cell division in the cambial meristem of Populus

Love

Björklund

Vahala

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The plant hormone ethylene is an important signal in plant growth responses to environmental cues. In vegetative growth, ethylene is generally considered as a regulator of cell expansion, but a role in the control of meristem growth has also been suggested based on pharmacological experiments and ethylene-overproducing mutants. In this study, we used transgenic ethylene-insensitive and ethylene-overproducing hybrid aspen (Populus tremula ؋ tremuloides) in combination with experiments using an ethylene perception inhibitor [1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)] to demonstrate that endogenous ethylene produced in response to leaning stimulates cell division in the cambial meristem. This ethylenecontrolled growth gives rise to the eccentricity of Populus stems that is formed in association with tension wood.plant hormones ͉ secondary xylem ͉ tension wood ͉ vascular cambium ͉ wood development T he vascular cambium is the meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem by periclinal cell divisions, and it is responsible for wood production and stem diameter growth in trees. Cambial growth rate along the trunk is correlated with leaf biomass and crown structure (1). Superimposed on this intrinsic control, cambial growth is also strongly influenced by environment, where mechanical and gravitational loads imposed by wind and leaning are important (2). Wind sway induces increased diameter growth that protects against stem breakage (3), whereas a static lean results in a localized growth response known as tension wood (TW) in dicotyledonous angiosperms. TW is formed on the upper side of the leaning stem, resulting in characteristic asymmetric growth, and it serves to correct the stem position (4). In addition to the striking increase in cambial cell divisions, TW has an altered anatomy, and the fibers form an additional inner, cellulose-rich, gelatinous secondary cell wall layer (G layer) (5).Experiments with ethylene applications have revealed that this volatile plant hormone has the potential to both inhibit and stimulate growth (6). Its synthesis from S-adenosylmethionine through the action of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) is triggered in vegetative tissues in response to many environmental cues. To date, concepts of ethylene function in vegetative growth have mainly implicated its role in primary tissue and cell expansion (6). However, ethylene biosynthesis increases during TW formation because of an asymmetric induction of ACO (7,8), and application of ethylene has been shown to stimulate cambial growth both in trees and herbaceous species (9, 10). Additional observations also support a potential role for ethylene in cell division. Applied ethylene stimulated endoreduplication in cucumber hypocotyls and growth of the intercalary meristem in deepwater rice (11-13). Moreover, the ethylene-overproducing Arabidopsis mutant eto1 exhibits aberrant cell divisions in the quiescent center of the root (14). However, experiments where ethylene homeostasis is artificially manipulated by a...

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A dominant mutant receptor from Arabidopsis confers ethylene insensitivity in heterologous plants

Cited by 288 publications

References 18 publications

Ethylene Insensitivity Results in Down-Regulation of Rubisco Expression and Photosynthetic Capacity in Tobacco

Ethylene Insensitivity Results in Down-Regulation of Rubisco Expression and Photosynthetic Capacity in Tobacco

Differential Expression and Internal Feedback Regulation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase, and Ethylene Receptor Genes in Tomato Fruit during Development and Ripening

Ethylene is an endogenous stimulator of cell division in the cambial meristem of Populus

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