A DNA Biosensor Based on a Raspberry‐like Hierarchical Nano‐structure for the Determination of the Anticancer Drug Nilotinib

Abstract

It is crucial to design fast, sensitive and affordable deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) recognition instruments, and elucidate changes in DNA structure, for studying the interaction between DNA and chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, a DNA biosensor, based on a carbon paste electrode (CPE), modified with raspberry‐like indium(III)/nickel oxide hierarchical nano‐structures (In3+/NiO RLHNSs) was constructed. An electrochemical readout should then give information on the interactions between anticancer drugs and double‐stranded (ds)‐DNA. The morphology as well as the electrochemical description of this new biosensor is described. Based on experimentally determined optimal conditions, ds‐DNA modified with In3+/NiO RLHNSs/CPE was used to evaluate the binding interaction of nilotinib, as an anti‐cancer drug, with DNA through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, viscosity measurements and a computational docking process. The analyses indicated the linearity of the guanine oxidation signal at nilotinib concentration is given between 0.01 and 50.0 μm, with the limit of detection (LOD) equal to 0.62 nm. Additionally, the equilibrium constant (K) for the binding was determined to 1.5×104 m−1. Through the quantitative measurement of nilotinib in serum samples with a high recovery rate of 101.3–98.0 %, the applicability of this approach was demonstrated. As a whole, this DNA biosensor may be promising for various bio‐interactions.

Development of the DNA-based voltammetric biosensor for detection of vincristine as anticancer drug

“…To prepare the dsDNA solution, 90.0 mg of fish sperm DNA was dissolved in 1 L of DDW in ultrasonic bath to obtain a homogeneous solution. Afterwards, a certain amount of produced solution (5 µL) was casted on the PP/P-L CuO:Tb 3+ NS/SPE ( Moarefdoust et al, 2022b ).…”

“…Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biochemical biosensors concentrate molecules with affinity for nucleic acids to assess the electronic surface using the DNA layer selectivity. Alterations in the redox attributes of DNA (in the guanine oxidation) are examined to study the interactions between DNA and analytes in these biosensors ( Moarefdoust et al, 2022a ; Cao et al, 2022 ; Fang et al, 2022 ).…”

“…The sensors can be produced by a majority of metals, metal oxides and alloys ( Fathi et al, 2020 ; Vakili Fathabadi et al, 2020 ; Ejaz et al, 2021 ; Anqi et al, 2022 ; Chen et al, 2022 ; Duan et al, 2022 ; Iftikhar et al, 2022 ). Several materials are noble metals or toxic metals, others with slow kinetics and negligible selectivity ( Zhang et al, 2016a ; Yang et al, 2017 ; Iftikhar et al, 2021b ; Foroughi et al, 2021 ; Moarefdoust et al, 2022b ; Kumar et al, 2022 ). Copper oxide (CuO) is a p-type semiconductor, has a 1.2-eV bandgap and can be utilized in the structure of batteries, catalysis, biosensors and gas sensors ( Park et al, 2014 ; Yang et al, 2014 ; Hu and Liu, 2015 ).…”

A novel and ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor for pralatrexate detection

“…DNA biosensors have been shown to have high sensitivity, admirable selectivity, cost-effectiveness, simplicity and high speed. [8][9][10][11] The ability of these devices to analyze the tracking of compounds in biological matrices can be improved by modifying the surface of electrochemical biosensors using different materials. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Fig.…”

An electrochemical sensor based on octahedral composite modified glassy carbon electrode for voltammetric detection of cocaine

“…These techniques, despite their high selectivity and sensitivity, are costly and complex and require advanced equipment and skilled operators. Hence, prominent attention has been drawn to electrochemical analysis approaches due to admirable features such as simplicity of operation, cost-effectiveness, impressive sensitivity and miniaturization ability [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The surface modification of electrodes, especially chemically modified electrodes (CMEs), has found a special place in electro-analytical determinations due to the ease of fabrication and reconstruction of the electrode [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”