A Diversified Dietary Pattern Is Associated With a Balanced Gut Microbial Composition of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia/Shigella in Patients With Crohn’s Disease in Remission

Abstract

Background and Aims Crohn’s disease [CD] is associated with alterations in gut microbial composition and function. The present controlled-intervention study investigated the relationship between patterns of dietary intake and baseline gut microbiota in CD patients in remission and examined the effects of a dietary intervention in patients consuming a non-diversified diet [NDD]. Methods Forty outpatients with quiescent CD were recruited in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Based on 3-day food records, patients consuming a lower plant-based and higher red and processed meat-based diet were assigned to the NDD group [n = 15] and received a 12-week structured dietary intervention; all other patients were assigned to the diversified diet [DD] control group [n = 25] and received conventional management. Faecal microbiota composition, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs] and calprotectin were measured. Results At baseline the NDD and DD groups had a different faecal microbial beta-diversity [p = 0.003, permutational multivariate analysis of variance]. The NDD group had lower Faecalibacterium and higher Escherichia/Shigella relative abundances compared to the DD group [3.3 ± 5.4% vs. 8.5 ± 10.6%; 6.9 ± 12.2% vs. 1.6 ± 4.4%; p ≤ 0.03, analysis of covariance]. These two genera showed a strong negative correlation [rs = −0.60, q = 0.0002]. Faecal butyrate showed a positive correlation with Faecalibacterium [rs = 0.52, q = 0.002], and an inhibitory relationship with Escherichia/Shigella abundance [four-parameter sigmoidal model, R = −0.83; rs = −0.44, q = 0.01], respectively. After the 12 weeks of dietary intervention, no difference in microbial beta-diversity between the two groups was observed [p = 0.43]. The NDD group demonstrated an increase in Faecalibacterium [p < 0.05, generalized estimated equation model], and resembled the DD group at the end of the intervention [p = 0.84, t-test with permutation]. We did not find an association of diet with faecal SCFAs or calprotectin. Conclusions Dietary patterns are associated with specific gut microbial compositions in CD patients in remission. A diet intervention in patients consuming a NDD modifies gut microbial composition to resemble that seen in patients consuming a DD. These results show that diet is important in shaping the microbial dysbiosis signature in CD towards a balanced community.

Sinomenine Hydrochloride Ameliorates Fish Foodborne Enteritis via α7nAchR-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effect Whilst Altering Microbiota Composition

“…The decreased TM7 suggested less intestinal inflammation and that intestinal TM7 bacterial phylogenies may be a promoter of inflammation for IBD (enteritis in humans) ( 79 ). This finding was echoed with the result at a genus level, as that decreased Sphingomonas , which has been revealed as a disease biomarker in zebrafish ( 80 ), as well as Shigella , which has been found associated with CD (enteritis in humans) ( 81 ). Both of these results have indicated relief of enteritis.…”

The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Chronic Inflammatory Diseases in Relation to the Microbiome: A Systematic Review

“…In IBD patients, Marlow et al showed a non-significant reduction of CRP after six weeks and a shift towards a more beneficial microbiota by increasing the relative abundances of butyrate-producing Clostridium coccoides (+2.01%) and Clostridium leptum (+2.66%) groups and decreasing Proteobacteria (−0.45%) [ 56 ]. In the study by Zhang et al, on the other hand, there was no clinical improvement in IBD patients, and, despite the dietary intervention, participants only increased their daily fiber intake marginally (+1.22 g/day, p = 0.68) [ 58 ]. Yet at the end of the intervention, the microbiome was modified beneficially via an increase in the mean relative abundance of Faecalibacterium (3.35 ± 5.4% vs. 5.58 ± 7.4%, p = 0.04), Bifidobacterium (1.09 ± 2.2% vs. 1.47 ± 2.4%.…”

“…In general, high-fiber whole-diet interventions resulted in more beneficial microbiome outcomes compared to both low-fiber diets and fiber supplements. Overall, 70% of the high-fiber dietary interventions showed a beneficial shift of the microbiome by increasing diversity, increasing the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, and/or decreasing pathogenic bacteria [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 70 ]. Of the fiber supplement interventions, six of the 11 studies showed an overall beneficial shift of the microbiome, of which three were synbiotic interventions [ 59 , 60 , 75 , 76 , 78 , 79 , 81 ].…”

Sex-Specific Differences in the Gut Microbiome in Response to Dietary Fiber Supplementation in IL-10-Deficient Mice

“…In this study we demonstrate that IMD supplementation fed to IL-10 −/− mice altered microbial diversity and taxa composition and immune profiles in both a dose- and sex-dependent fashion with male, but not female, mice responding. There is intense interest in using dietary manipulation to stimulate therapeutic microbiome changes and help to prevent or alleviate IBD [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Previous studies have shown that IBD patients exhibit reduced microbial diversity, recognized as a dysbiosis characterization [ 9 , 47 , 48 , 49 ].…”