A dithering algorithm for local composition control with three-dimensional printing

Cho, Wonjoon; Sachs, Emanuel M.; Patrikalakis, Nicholas M.; Troxel, Donald E.

doi:10.1016/s0010-4485(02)00122-7

Cited by 67 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since our software architecture is non-proprietary, we can easily experiment with other alternatives. We have experimented with an algorithm that takes into account the precise location of each droplet with respect to the voxel grid and diffuses the error volumetrically [Cho et al 2003]. In practice, we have not observed a significant improvement in quality.…”

Section: The Fabricatormentioning

confidence: 99%

MultiFab

Ramos²,

et al. 2015

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Figure 1: Our multi-material 3D printer (left) and a set of fabricated materials and objects (right). AbstractWe have developed a multi-material 3D printing platform that is high-resolution, low-cost, and extensible. The key part of our platform is an integrated machine vision system. This system allows for self-calibration of printheads, 3D scanning, and a closed-feedback loop to enable print corrections. The integration of machine vision with 3D printing simplifies the overall platform design and enables new applications such as 3D printing over auxiliary parts. Furthermore, our platform dramatically expands the range of parts that can be 3D printed by simultaneously supporting up to 10 different materials that can interact optically and mechanically. The platform achieves a resolution of at least 40 µm by utilizing piezoelectric inkjet printheads adapted for 3D printing. The hardware is low cost (less than $7,000) since it is built exclusively from off-the-shelf components. The architecture is extensible and modular -adding, removing, and exchanging printing modules can be done quickly. We provide a detailed analysis of the system's performance. We also demonstrate a variety of fabricated multi-material objects.

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Section: The Fabricatormentioning

confidence: 99%

MultiFab

Ramos²,

et al. 2015

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“…Our current implementation dithers each slice in 2D. By using a 3D kernel we could diffuse error across slices instead and avoid streaks [Cho et al 2003]. …”

Section: Dithermentioning

confidence: 99%

OpenFab

et al. 2013

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Figure 1: Three rhinos, defined and printed using OpenFab. For each print, the same geometry was paired with a different fablet-a shaderlike program which procedurally defines surface detail and material composition throughout the object volume. This produces three unique prints by using displacements, texture mapping, and continuous volumetric material variation as a function of distance from the surface. Abstract3D printing hardware is rapidly scaling up to output continuous mixtures of multiple materials at increasing resolution over ever larger print volumes. This poses an enormous computational challenge: large high-resolution prints comprise trillions of voxels and petabytes of data and simply modeling and describing the input with spatially varying material mixtures at this scale is challenging. Existing 3D printing software is insufficient; in particular, most software is designed to support only a few million primitives, with discrete material choices per object. We present OpenFab, a programmable pipeline for synthesis of multi-material 3D printed objects that is inspired by RenderMan and modern GPU pipelines. The pipeline supports procedural evaluation of geometric detail and material composition, using shader-like fablets, allowing models to be specified easily and efficiently. We describe a streaming architecture for OpenFab; only a small fraction of the final volume is stored in memory and output is fed to the printer with little startup delay. We demonstrate it on a variety of multi-material objects.

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“…Deposition), (1) 스탠포드 대학의 SDM (Shape Deposition Manufacturing), (2) MIT 대학의 3DP (3-Dimensional Printing) (3) 그리고 국내 기업인 인스텍 사의 DMT(Laser-aided Direct Metal Tooling) (4) 등의 금속 분말기반 적층조형 방법의 개발로 열전도성 금형 혹은 형상적응형 냉각회로 (conformal cooling channel) (5,6) 를 구비한 금형의 제작이 가능하게 되 었다.…”

Section: 서 론 최근에 와서 미시간 대학의 Dmd(direct Metalunclassified

Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials Between P21 Tool Steel and Cu by Using Laser-Aided Layered Manufacturing

Jeong¹,

Shin²

2013

Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A

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With the development of layered manufacturing, thermally conductive molds or molds embedding conformal cooling channels can be directly fabricated. Although P21 tool steel is widely used as a mold material because of its dimensional stability, it is not efficient for cooling molds owing to its low thermal conductivity. Hence, the use of functionally graded materials (FGMs) between P21 and Cu may circumvent a tradeoff between the strength and the heat transfer rate. As a preliminary study for the layered manufacturing of thermally conductive molds having FGM structures, one-dimensional P21-Cu FGMs were fabricated by using laser-aided direct metal tooling (DMT), and then, material properties such as the thermal conductivity and specific heat that are related to the heat transfer were measured and analyzed.

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A dithering algorithm for local composition control with three-dimensional printing

Cited by 67 publications

References 16 publications

MultiFab

MultiFab

OpenFab

Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials Between P21 Tool Steel and Cu by Using Laser-Aided Layered Manufacturing

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