“…In recent years, the research on CACC mainly focuses on longitudinal single-lane control, including stability analysis [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], communication problem analysis [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], heterogeneous problem analysis [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], etc. The control algorithm is mainly aimed at improving the original single-vehicle control algorithm, such as PID control, sliding mode control, and distributed model predictive control.…”