A Distributed Feedback Control Approach to the Optimal Reactive Power Flow Problem

Bolognani, Saverio; Zampieri, Sandro

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01159-2_14

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…for the primal variables. Observe that ( 23) and ( 24) differ from (19) and from (21) only by infinitesimal terms, and they correspond to the standard equation for the dual ascent steps for (22). Indeed, the equilibrium (q * G , ν * ) of ( 23)-( 24) is characterized by…”

Section: A Syncronous Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since (22) is quadratic optimization problem that we have assumed feasible and the constraint is expressed by a linear affine inequality, the Slater's condition [41, p. 226] holds and then there is zero duality gap between (22) and (39). Observe that, by plugging (24) into (23) we obtain…”

Section: Appendix C Proof Of Theorem 1 Corollaries 1 and 2 And Propmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only recently, algorithms that are truly scalable in the number of generators and do not require the monitoring of all the buses of the grid, have been proposed for the problem of power loss minimization (with no voltage constraints) [20], [21], [22]. While these algorithms have been designed by specializing classical nonlinear optimization algorithms to the ORPF problem, they can also be considered as feedback control strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distributed Reactive Power Feedback Control for Voltage Regulation and Loss Minimization

Bolognani

Carli

Cavraro

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

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227

186

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Abstract-We consider the problem of exploiting the microgenerators dispersed in the power distribution network in order to provide distributed reactive power compensation for power losses minimization and voltage regulation. In the proposed strategy, microgenerators are smart agents that can measure their phasorial voltage, share these data with the other agents on a cyber layer, and adjust the amount of reactive power injected into the grid, according to a feedback control law that descends from duality-based methods applied to the optimal reactive power flow problem. Convergence to the configuration of minimum losses and feasible voltages is proved analytically for both a synchronous and an asynchronous version of the algorithm, where agents update their state independently one from the other. Simulations are provided in order to illustrate the performance and the robustness of the algorithm, and the innovative feedback nature of such strategy is discussed.

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Section: A Syncronous Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix C Proof Of Theorem 1 Corollaries 1 and 2 And Propmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distributed Reactive Power Feedback Control for Voltage Regulation and Loss Minimization

Bolognani

Carli

Cavraro

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr.

Self Cite

227

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1. Lacking any more detailed information, the grid G r features desirable properties: i) it connects the actuated and possibly additional identifiable nodes in a radial fashion; ii) it satisfies (9) with the minimal number of nodes; and iii) its resistances correspond to the effective resistances of G. Actually, this reduced grid conveys all the information needed to solve an optimal power flow task [16]. The next lemma shows that the number of metered level sets M k m coincides with the number of level sets N k m for all m ∈ P, so the degrees of probing buses can be reliably recovered even with partial data.…”

Section: Topology Recovery With Partial Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Graph Algorithms for Topology Identification Using Power Grid Probing

Cavraro

Kekatos

2018

IEEE Control Syst. Lett.

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To perform any meaningful optimization task, power distribution operators need to know the topology and line impedances of their electric networks. Nevertheless, distribution grids currently lack a comprehensive metering infrastructure. Although smart inverters are widely used for control purposes, they have been recently advocated as the means for an active data acquisition paradigm: Reading the voltage deviations induced by intentionally perturbing inverter injections, the system operator can potentially recover the electric grid topology. Adopting inverter probing for feeder processing, a suite of graph-based topology identification algorithms is developed here. If the grid is probed at all leaf nodes but voltage data are metered at all nodes, the entire feeder topology can be successfully recovered. When voltage data are collected only at probing buses, the operator can find a reduced feeder featuring key properties and similarities to the actual feeder. To handle modeling inaccuracies and load nonstationarity, noisy probing data need to be preprocessed. If the suggested guidelines on the magnitude and duration of probing are followed, the recoverability guarantees carry over from the noiseless to the noisy setup with high probability.

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“…Recently, a distributed RT-OPF control strategy for smart grids was proposed [213], using a feedback mechanism to achieve the same objective as hierarchical controls, without the need of load forecast. Based on a dual ascent method and real-time measurements, a distributed feedback control approach for the problem of optimal reactive power flow was proposed [214]. In this method, the reactive power capability of micro-generators is utilized to minimize losses, while satisfying voltage constraints in LV or HV networks.…”

Section: Opf-based Rt-emssmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Real-Time Optimal Power Flow

et al. 2018

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There has been a strong increase of penetration of renewable energies into power systems. However, the renewables pose new challenges for the operation of the networks. Particularly, wind power is intermittently fluctuating, and, therefore, the network operator has to fast update the operations correspondingly. This task should be performed by an online optimization. Therefore, real-time optimal power flow (RT-OPF) has become an attractive topic in recent years. This paper presents an overview of recent studies on RT-OPF under wind energy penetration, offering a critical review of the major advancements in RT-OPF. It describes the challenges in the realization of the RT-OPF and presents available approaches to address these challenges. The paper focuses on a number of topics which are reviewed in chronological order of appearance: offline energy management systems (EMSs) (deterministic and stochastic approaches) and real-time EMSs (constraint satisfaction-based and OPF-based methods). The particular challenges associated with the incorporation of battery storage systems in the networks are explored, and it is concluded that the current research on RT-OPF is not sufficient, and new solution approaches are needed.Energies 2018, 11, 3142 2 of 20 time. However, the incorporation of BSSs into the network leads to dynamic state operations and thus introduces dynamic model equations to the OPF, which makes the problem more complex to solve. This complexity is due to the fact that the dynamic optimization is described by differential/difference equations, whereas static optimization requires only algebraic equations [30].Another issue is that the REG rate is uncertain. It means their output cannot be forecasted accurately, and there may be discrepancies between the forecasted and actually realized values. The uncertainties can lead to constraint violations and thus safety problems if they are not handled properly. Therefore, deterministic OPF methods are not suitable for the real operation of the networks, or their solutions need further modifications before realization. Besides, owing to fast fluctuating REG, in particular wind power, the network operators need to fast update-i.e., in real-time-the operation strategies correspondingly, in order for the network to operate economically and in its feasible region. Therefore, the real-time energy management systems (RT-EMSs) have attracted increasing interest from many researchers. In this paper, we classify the RT-EMSs into two main categories: (1) constraint satisfaction-based RT-EMSs, and (2) OPF-based RT-EMSs. The former can satisfy the technical constraints of the network in real time, but the solutions may not be optimal. The latter provides optimal solutions in real time while satisfying the constraints. It is noted that the technical constraints could be different for these two categories, depending on the components of the network (details can be seen in Section 2).The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides the general formulation of OPF...

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A Distributed Feedback Control Approach to the Optimal Reactive Power Flow Problem

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Distributed Reactive Power Feedback Control for Voltage Regulation and Loss Minimization

Distributed Reactive Power Feedback Control for Voltage Regulation and Loss Minimization

Graph Algorithms for Topology Identification Using Power Grid Probing

A Survey of Real-Time Optimal Power Flow

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