“…In the context of CPTS, numerous studies have delved into the pursuit of social welfare maximization (Wei et al, 2016;Wei et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2022;Lv et al, 2019;Lu et al, 2018;He et al, 2016) or CPTS's revenue maximization (Shao et al, 2023;Qiao et al, 2022). There are some other works considering alternative objectives, such as reducing carbon emissions (Yuan et al, 2023) and fostering the utilization of renewable energy sources (Zhou et al, 2019;Lv et al, 2020).…”