A Distributed Conductance Cross-Correlation Method for Measuring Low-Velocity and High Water-Cut Oil-Water Flows

Bai, Landi; Jin, Ningde; Chen, Xin; Zhai, Lusheng; Wei, Jidong; Ren, Yi

doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3115267

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The AAPD and the AAD of U so are 1.67% and 0.0027 m/s, respectively, and those of U sw are 1.6% and 0.0052 m/s. Compared with the four-sectors structure [13], the sensor structure renders the electric field distribution more uniform and improves the measurement sensitivity. In addition, compared with the combination of different sensors in references [6] and [21], the introduction of the center body of the sensor makes the effect of the sensor collector obvious, which leads to a wider measurement range of water content.…”

Section: Water Holdupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common conductance sensors include probe array structure [1][2][3][4][5][6], sector structure [7,8], ring structure, parallel string wire, wire-mesh and so on. In order to improve the electric field distribution of the sector sensor, rotating electric field type conductance sensor [9][10][11] and multi-sector conductance sensor [12,13] were designed, which further improve the sensitivity of water holdup measurement as well as inhibit the influence of flow structure in some way. To explore the concentration distribution of the fluid corresponding to the pipe cross section, researchers began to introduce annular conductance sensors [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Oil-Water Flows by Conductance Cross?Correlation Flowmeter with Center Body in a Small Pipe

Bai¹,

Jin²,

Ren³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 19th International Flow Measurement Conference 2022 on Flow Measurement - FLOMEKO 2022

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Accurate measurement of oil-water flows is a significant issue to oilfield water injection development. In this paper, the parameter measurement of vertical oil-water flows is established by conductance sensors with innerouter multi-height ring electrodes. Firstly, the dynamic experiment of vertical upward oil-water flows is carried out, and a high-speed camera is used to capture flow structures in each working condition. Based on the output conductance signals and the images from the high-speed camera, the experimental flow patterns (bubble flow, slug flow, very fine bubble flow and transition flow) are identified. And the relationship of mixture velocity to cross-correlation velocity and water cut is established. On this basis, the drift velocity models under different flow patterns are constructed by combining the water holdup calculated by Maxwell equation. The results show that the measurement of mixture velocity of oil-water flows is satisfactory. And high precision superficial velocity measurements of four different flow patterns are achieved.

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Section: Water Holdupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Oil-Water Flows by Conductance Cross?Correlation Flowmeter with Center Body in a Small Pipe

Bai¹,

Jin²,

Ren³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 19th International Flow Measurement Conference 2022 on Flow Measurement - FLOMEKO 2022

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“…The velocity measurement method based on the cross-correlation velocity measurement principle [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] is an effective method that has been applied and studied for many years [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The basic principle of cross-correlation is shown in Figure 1 [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the principle of cross-correlation velocity measurement, upstream and downstream flow information can be obtained by different types of sensors [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], such as optical sensors [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], acoustic/ultrasonic sensors [ 17 , 18 , 27 ], and electrical sensors [ 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 ]. Velocity measurement with electrical sensors is applied by many researchers due to its advantages of good real-time performance, a simple sensor structure, and high safety [ 1 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 28 ]. Common electrical sensors include wire-mesh sensors [ 16 ], the conductivity probe [ 20 ], and ring conductivity electrodes [ 19 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Contactless Cross-Correlation Velocity Measurement System for Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow

Sheng

Huang

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Based on the principle of Contactless Conductivity Detection (CCD), a new contactless cross-correlation velocity measurement system with a three-electrode construction is developed in this work and applied to the contactless velocity measurement of gas–liquid two-phase flow in small channels. To achieve a compact design and to reduce the influence of the slug/bubble deformation and the relative position change on the velocity measurement, an electrode of the upstream sensor is reused as an electrode of the downstream sensor. Meanwhile, a switching unit is introduced to ensure the independence and consistency of the upstream sensor and the downstream sensor. To further improve the synchronization of the upstream sensor and the downstream sensor, fast switching and time compensation are also introduced. Finally, with the obtained upstream and downstream conductance signals, the velocity measurement is achieved by the principle of cross-correlation velocity measurement. To test the measurement performance of the developed system, experiments are carried out on a prototype with a small channel of 2.5 mm. The experimental results show that the compact design (three-electrode construction) is successful, and its measurement performance is satisfactory. The velocity range for the bubble flow is 0.312–0.816 m/s, and the maximum relative error of the flow rate measurement is 4.54%. The velocity range for the slug flow is 0.161 m/s–1.250 m/s, and the maximum relative error of the flow rate measurement is 3.70%.

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“…The cross-correlation method is widely used in many fields for time delay estimation, such as for the flow rate/velocity measurement of fluids [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Wang et al utilized the cross-correlation method to calculate the particle velocities between the electrodes from two planes at different positions and to establish the particle velocity distributions in pipelines [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Adaptive GCC Method and Its Application to Slug Flow Velocity Measurement in Small Channels

Hua¹,

Huang²,

Ji³

et al. 2022

Sensors

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In this work, an adaptive generalized cross-correlation (AGCC) method is proposed that focuses on the problem of the conventional cross-correlation method not effectively realizing the time delay estimation of signals with strong periodicity. With the proposed method, the periodicity of signals is judged and the center frequencies of the strongly periodical components are determined through the spectral analysis of the input signals. Band-stop filters that are used to suppress the strongly periodical components are designed and the mutual power spectral density of the input signals that is processed by the band-stop filters is calculated. Then, the cross-correlation function that is processed is the inverse Fourier transform of the mutual power spectral density. Finally, the time delay is estimated by seeking the peak position of the processed cross-correlation function. Simulation experiments and practical velocity measurement experiments were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed AGCC method. The experimental results showed that the new AGCC method could effectively realize the time delay estimation of signals with strong periodicity. In the simulation experiments, the new method could realize the effective time delay estimation of signals with strong periodicity when the energy ratio of the strongly periodical component to the aperiodic component was under 150. Meanwhile, the cross-correlation method and other generalized cross-correlation methods fail in time delay estimation when the energy ratio is higher than 30. In the practical experiments, the velocity measurement of slug flow with strong periodicity was implemented in small channels with inner diameters of 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm and 3.0 mm. With the proposed method, the relative errors of the velocity measurement were less than 4.50%.

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A Distributed Conductance Cross-Correlation Method for Measuring Low-Velocity and High Water-Cut Oil-Water Flows

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Measurement of Oil-Water Flows by Conductance Cross?Correlation Flowmeter with Center Body in a Small Pipe

Measurement of Oil-Water Flows by Conductance Cross?Correlation Flowmeter with Center Body in a Small Pipe

A New Contactless Cross-Correlation Velocity Measurement System for Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow

A New Adaptive GCC Method and Its Application to Slug Flow Velocity Measurement in Small Channels

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